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High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle
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High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 14162

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Krzysztof Małecki

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Faculty of Computer Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 52, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: computer simulation; cellular automata; multi-agent systems; complex systems; modeling and simulation of transport systems and processes; transportation systems modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stanisław Iwan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Logistics and Transport Systems, Maritime University of Szczecin, Wały Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: smart, green and integrated transport; urban freight transport; intelligent transport systems; logistics; sustainable transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kinga Kijewska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Economics of Transport, Maritime University of Szczecin, Wały Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: establishment of freight quality partnerships; logistics management; sustainable urban freight; unloading bays
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The major problem of the present and future cities is atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic origin, where urban transport due to its nature is seen as a major source of emissions. In this context, the problem of urban logistics operations has become on of the key challenges for all stakeholder groups involved in freight transport in urban areas. Resulting from that, over the recent years, there has been a growing interest in increasing the efficiency of transport through the utilization of alternative delivery systems, as well as using alternative engines in urban logistics.

Today, a number of city logistic activities and projects involve modifying freight vehicles, including alternative engines, such as electric. More and more effective measures have begun to be implemented in cities in recent years in this area. However, the costs of purchasing electric freight vehicles as well as the low level of charging infrastructer development are still perceived to be a substantial barrier to their widespread use. Additionally, a substantial difficulty lies in selecting vehicles with operation parameters that fulfil the needs of the logistic processes they are to serve. Therefore, the key challenge for present and future city logistics operators is the optimization of the transport fleets while taking into account a multicriteria specificity of electromobility development.

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “High-Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicles”.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Electric freight vehicle technology;
  • Electric freight vehicle efficiency;
  • Autonomous freight vehicles;
  • Utilization of electromobility in logistics systems;
  • Optimization of electric vehicles and mixed fleets;
  • The impact of electric freight vehicle utilization on the environment;
  • The new trends in ecologistics;
  • Modeling freight distribution in urban areas cosidering the fleet mix;
  • Planning freight distribution in the context of sustainable development;
  • Charging systems and infrastructure development and improvement;
  • Novel electrical power systems technologies;
  • Electrical machines, drives, systems, and applications in city logistics;
  • Power electronic systems—converters and emerging technologies;
  • Multiscale systems modeling; remote monitoring and diagnosis of electric vehicle fleets; 
  • Modeling simulation and control, reliability and fault tolerance, safety critical operation;
  • Electrical power generation systems—modeling and simulation of electrical power systems; 
  • Electrical power systems modeling and control—modeling and control methodologies and applications; 
  • Intelligent systems; optimization and advanced heuristics; adaptive systems; robust control;
  • Integration into present and future energy systems.

Prof. Krzysztof Małecki
Prof. Stanisław Iwan
Dr. Kinga Kijewska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid and electric vehicles
  • freight transport
  • city logistics
  • charging infrastructure
  • fleet mix
  • fleet management
  • energy management
  • energy conversion
  • power generation
  • distributed power systems
  • electrical propulsion and actuation
  • power distribution architectures

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6067 KiB  
Article
The Concept of Big Data Management with Various Transportation Systems Sources as a Key Role in Smart Cities Development
by Tomasz Dudek and Artur Kujawski
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9506; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249506 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
An increasing number of devices and their communication with each other generates huge amounts of data. The efficiency of processing such large and heterogeneous data is crucial for extracting the reliable and consistent information that is needed for the effective management of smart [...] Read more.
An increasing number of devices and their communication with each other generates huge amounts of data. The efficiency of processing such large and heterogeneous data is crucial for extracting the reliable and consistent information that is needed for the effective management of smart cities within the field of transport. Data heterogeneity and volume as well as its integration and analytics are big challenges for decision-makers. The development of urban agglomerations is largely dependent on the proper management of such data. Therefore, this paper explores the role of these data repositories, their acquisition from different sources, and the ways to combine them. The main goal of this paper is to propose a concept of Smart City management based on Big Data Analytics and technology related to UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which may reduce costs and resource consumption. The presented concept includes successive data generation and collection, data type identification, problem and requirement identification, filtering, classification, pre-processing, and data optimization, as well as decision support analysis. A key part of this analysis utilizes computer algorithms, such as Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Thresholding and Blob detection, to develop a multi-camera image recognition system for freight transport management and logistics in smart cities. The objective is to design a system that optimizes the route planning and time of vehicle passage on selected road sections, ultimately leading to the reduction of emissions. During the study, data obtained from multiple sources were compared, and the analysis uncovered different results for the same assumptions. We discuss the reasons for these variances. Overall, the results obtained in the analysis indicated that it is necessary to correct the predictions of the multi-camera image recognition system with additional methods and algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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24 pages, 49318 KiB  
Article
Effects of Incorporating Rail Transport into a Zero-Emission Urban Deliveries System: Application of Light Freight Railway (LFR) Electric Trains
by Krystian Pietrzak, Oliwia Pietrzak and Andrzej Montwiłł
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6809; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206809 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2961
Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of incorporating rail transport into an urban delivery system. Its main purpose was to identify the possibilities of utilising rail transport in a Zero-emission Urban Delivery System (ZUDS) by applying Light Freight Railway (LFR) electric trains. The study [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the issue of incorporating rail transport into an urban delivery system. Its main purpose was to identify the possibilities of utilising rail transport in a Zero-emission Urban Delivery System (ZUDS) by applying Light Freight Railway (LFR) electric trains. The study applied the following research methods: literature review, observation, case study, and mathematical computations. In order to estimate the volume of transport external costs reduction resulting from shifting urban deliveries from road to rail transport in the city of Szczecin, the EU methodology was applied to specify the amounts of external costs generated by individual modes and means of transport. The research study showed that application of LFR electric trains makes it possible to significantly reduce external costs generated by transport. Moreover, this solution may have an impact on developing Clean Transport Zones (CTZs) and may also contribute to expansion of the ZUDS. The research study results also provide grounds to conclude that application of the LFR system makes it possible to reduce negative effects generated by Urban Freight Transport (UFT) and to achieve a coherent zero-emission system for handling cargo and passenger flows in cities, which consequently contributes to achieving electromobility goals in transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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18 pages, 4070 KiB  
Article
Effective Permutation Encoding for Evolutionary Optimization of the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem
by Remigiusz Iwańkowicz
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6651; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206651 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of route planning for a fleet of electric vehicles departing from a depot and supplying customers with certain goods. This paper aims to present a permutation-based method of vehicle route coding adapted to the specificity of electric drive. [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the problem of route planning for a fleet of electric vehicles departing from a depot and supplying customers with certain goods. This paper aims to present a permutation-based method of vehicle route coding adapted to the specificity of electric drive. The developed method integrated with an evolutionary algorithm allows for rapid generation of routes for multiple vehicles taking into account the necessity of supplying energy in available charging stations. The minimization of the route distance travelled by all vehicles was taken as a criterion. The performed testing indicated satisfactory computation speed. A real region with four charging stations and 33 customers was analysed. Different scenarios of demand were analysed, and factors affecting the results of the proposed calculation method were indicated. The limitations of the method were pointed out, mainly caused by assumptions that simplify the problem. In the future, it is planned for research and method development to include the lapse of time and for the set of factors influencing energy consumption by a moving vehicle to be extended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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22 pages, 2725 KiB  
Article
Unloading Bays as Charging Stations for EFV-Based Urban Freight Delivery System—Example of Szczecin
by Stanisław Iwan, Mariusz Nürnberg, Artur Bejger, Kinga Kijewska and Krzysztof Małecki
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5677; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185677 - 9 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1989
Abstract
The problem of urban logistics operations in the context of their impact on the environment has become the key challenge. Due to that, there has been a growing interest in increasing the use of alternative fuels, including electro-mobility. However, an important barrier to [...] Read more.
The problem of urban logistics operations in the context of their impact on the environment has become the key challenge. Due to that, there has been a growing interest in increasing the use of alternative fuels, including electro-mobility. However, an important barrier to the utilisation of electric freight vehicles (EFVs) is their travel range and battery capacity. The paper is focused on the idea of EFV utilisation improvement by implementation of charging stations in unloading bays. First, the Authors analysed the efficiency of chosen vehicles during daily work. Next, the potential improvement of their travel range was analysed, considering the short-time charging processes carried out during delivery operations, using the charging systems provided in unloading bays. Moreover, the concept of wireless chargers utilisation was proposed as a challenge for future work. According to the analysis, utilisation of unloading bays equipped with short-time battery chargers could improve significantly the travel range of EFVs. As a result, it could improve the efficiency of electric vehicles in last mile deliveries in city areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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20 pages, 3812 KiB  
Article
Personalized Anti-Vibration Protection for Telematics Devices in Urban Freight Transport Vehicles
by Jacek Wojnowski and Jarosław Chmiel
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4193; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144193 - 11 Jul 2021
Viewed by 2188
Abstract
Vibrations are a major cause of human health disorders, circuit boards and machinery damage. Vibration dampers are considered to be the best option to counter these issues. Three-dimensional printing techniques play an increasingly important role in manufacturing small polymer parts with tailored properties. [...] Read more.
Vibrations are a major cause of human health disorders, circuit boards and machinery damage. Vibration dampers are considered to be the best option to counter these issues. Three-dimensional printing techniques play an increasingly important role in manufacturing small polymer parts with tailored properties. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) constitute a perfect material for manufacturing small-scale series absorber prototypes due to their thermoplastic nature, good elasticity and damping properties. This paper proposes a novel multi-level approach to the design and manufacturing process, e.g., the first level—selection of material; second level—decision about the geometry of a damper; third—selection of technological printing parameters; fourth—post-printing treatment. This work primarily aims to overview the design and manufacturing process levels. The impact of each step on the damping capacity of small absorbers is assessed. It was found that thermoplastic elastomers and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have huge potential in shaping the physical properties of small, elastomeric absorbers. It was assessed that at every step of the multilevel design and manufacturing process (MDMP), the designer could tailor the damping to meet the desired criteria of a final product: a cylinder-shaped hollow damper that can be made from TPE polymer without post-printing treatment and is characterized by good damping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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43 pages, 8872 KiB  
Article
Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion
by Toheed Ghandriz, Bengt Jacobson, Manjurul Islam, Jonas Hellgren and Leo Laine
Energies 2021, 14(11), 3221; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113221 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2855
Abstract
Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities of reducing emissions, manufacturing and operational costs from end vehicles are neglected if the target range of transportation tasks is narrow and known in [...] Read more.
Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities of reducing emissions, manufacturing and operational costs from end vehicles are neglected if the target range of transportation tasks is narrow and known in advance, especially in case of electrified propulsion. Apart from real-time energy optimization, vehicle hardware can be meticulously tailored to best fit a known transportation task. As proposed in this study, a heterogeneous fleet of heavy-vehicles can be designed in a more cost- and energy-efficient manner, if the coupling between vehicle hardware, transportation mission, and infrastructure is considered during initial conceptual-design stages. To this end, a rather large optimization problem was defined and solved to minimize the total cost of fleet ownership in an integrated manner for a real-world case study. In the said case-study, design variables of optimization problem included mission, recharging infrastructure, loading–unloading scheme, number of vehicles of each type, number of trips, vehicle-loading capacity, selection between conventional, fully electric, and hybrid powertrains, size of internal-combustion engines and electric motors, number of axles being powered, and type and size of battery packs. This study demonstrated that by means of integrated fleet customization, battery-electric heavy-vehicles could strongly compete against their conventional combustion-powered counterparts. The primary focus has been put on optimizing vehicle propulsion, transport mission, infrastructure and fleet size rather than routing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Efficiency Electric Freight Vehicle)
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