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Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development
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Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 10989

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bjørn Christian Hauback

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
Interests: hydrogen storage materials; materials for energy storage and conversion; magnetic materials; nanoscience; crystallography and neutron and X-ray diffraction
Dr. Magnus H. Sørby

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Energy Technology, Neutron Materials Characterization, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
Interests: hydrogen storage materials; materials for energy storage and conversion; crystallography; powder neutron and X-ray diffraction; total scattering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last decades hydrogen has gained importance as an energy carrier. Hydrogen storage is a crucial step for providing supply of hydrogen fuel to an end user, both for transportation and energy storage for stationary applications. Without effective storage systems, a hydrogen economy will be difficult to achieve. Hydrogen storage in solid materials constitutes alternatives which possess the potential to surpass the storage densities of compressed hydrogen. In particular the high volumetric density, storage at near-ambient conditions and significantly improved safety, are important driving forces for further strong research activities on hydrogen storage in solid compounds.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research or review articles on different classes of materials for hydrogen storage both from a fundamental and an applied point of view. Different types of materials including metal and complex hydrides and nanoporous materials will be considered.

Prof. Dr. Bjørn Christian Hauback
Dr. Magnus H. Sørby
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen storage 
  • solid hydrogen storage materials 
  • metal hydrides 
  • complex hydrides 
  • nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage
  • hydrogen storage systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 938 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Fe on the Structure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-V-Based Metal Hydrides
by Magnus M. Nygård, Magnus H. Sørby, Arne A. Grimenes and Bjørn C. Hauback
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2874; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112874 - 4 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Ti-V-based metal hydrides have decent overall performance as hydrogen storage materials, but V is expensive and it is therefore tempting to replace it by less expensive ferrovanadium containing about 20% Fe. In the present work we have investigated how Fe influences the structure [...] Read more.
Ti-V-based metal hydrides have decent overall performance as hydrogen storage materials, but V is expensive and it is therefore tempting to replace it by less expensive ferrovanadium containing about 20% Fe. In the present work we have investigated how Fe influences the structure and hydrogen storage properties of (Ti0.7V0.3)1−zFez alloys with e r r o r t y p e c e z ∈ { 0 , 0.03, 0.06, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3} using synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and manometric measurements performed in a Sieverts apparatus. The alloys form body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures for all considered values of z, and the addition of Fe causes the unit cell to contract. When exposed to hydrogen gas, the bcc alloys form face-centered cubic (fcc) hydrides if e r r o r t y p e c e z ≤ 0 . 1 while other hydrogen-containing phases are formed for higher Fe-contents. The hydrogen capacities of the fcc hydrides at 20 bar are not significantly influenced by the addition of Fe and reach 3.2(3) wt% in (Ti0.7V0.3)0.9Fe0.1H1.6(2). For higher Fe contents the hydrogen capacity is decreased. The absorption kinetics are fast and the reactions are complete within minutes when the alloys are exposed to 20 bar H2 at room temperature. Increasing Fe content reduces the desorption enthalpy, onset temperature and activation energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development)
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14 pages, 4793 KiB  
Article
Short-Range Structure of Ti0.63V0.27Fe0.10D1.73 from Neutron Total Scattering and Reverse Monte Carlo Modelling
by Henrik Mauroy, Konstantin Klyukin, Marina G. Shelyapina, David A. Keen, Annett Thøgersen, Bjørn C. Hauback and Magnus H. Sørby
Energies 2020, 13(8), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13081947 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Ti-V-based body-centered cubic (BCC) alloys have potential for large-scale hydrogen storage if expensive vanadium is substituted with much cheaper Fe-containing ferrovanadium. Use of ferrovanadium reduces the alloys’ hydrogen storage capacity. This is puzzling since the amount of Fe is low and hydrogen atoms [...] Read more.
Ti-V-based body-centered cubic (BCC) alloys have potential for large-scale hydrogen storage if expensive vanadium is substituted with much cheaper Fe-containing ferrovanadium. Use of ferrovanadium reduces the alloys’ hydrogen storage capacity. This is puzzling since the amount of Fe is low and hydrogen atoms are accommodated in interstitial sites which are partly coordinated by Fe in many intermetallic compounds. The present work is aimed at finding a structural explanation for Fe-induced capacity loss in Ti-V alloys. Since such alloys and their hydrides are highly disordered without long-range occupational order of the different metal species, it was necessary to employ a technique which is sensitive to local structure. Neutron total scattering coupled with reverse Monte Carlo modelling was thus employed to elucidate short-range atomic correlations in Ti0.63V0.27Fe0.10D1.73 from the pair distribution function. It was found that Fe atoms form clusters and that the majority of the vacant interstitial sites are within these clusters. These clusters take the same face-centered cubic structure as the Ti-V matrix in the deuteride and thus they are not simply unreacted Fe which has a BCC structure. The presence of Fe clusters is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the clustering is driven by thermodynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development)
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9 pages, 3588 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hafnium Addition on the Hydrogenation Process of TiFe Alloy
by Volatiana Razafindramanana, Stéphane Gorsse, Jacques Huot and Jean Louis Bobet
Energies 2019, 12(18), 3477; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183477 - 9 Sep 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2878
Abstract
The alloy TiFe has interesting hydrogen storage properties for practical applications: low cost, operation at room temperature, and good hydrogen capacity. However, the first hydrogenation is difficult and increases the cost of the alloy. In this work, we studied the effect of adding [...] Read more.
The alloy TiFe has interesting hydrogen storage properties for practical applications: low cost, operation at room temperature, and good hydrogen capacity. However, the first hydrogenation is difficult and increases the cost of the alloy. In this work, we studied the effect of adding hafnium to TiFe in order to enhance the first hydrogenation process. TiFe + x Hf alloys, with x = 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wt.%, were synthesized by arc melting. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. These alloys consisted of B2-TiFe, C14-Laves, and BCC (Body Centered Cubic) phases. A minimum of 8 wt.% of hafnium is required to obtain an enhancement of the first hydrogenation. In the first hydrogenation, the material reaches its maximal hydrogen capacity in less than two hours at room temperature and under 20 bars of hydrogen. Hafnium addition also had the effect of lowering the plateau pressure in the pressure-composition isotherm. It could be concluded that hafnium has a positive effect on the activation properties of TiFe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development)
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14 pages, 3854 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Desorption in Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 System
by Erika M. Dematteis and Marcello Baricco
Energies 2019, 12(17), 3230; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173230 - 22 Aug 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3652
Abstract
Magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, and calcium borohydride, Ca(BH4)2, are promising materials for hydrogen storage. Mixtures of different borohydrides have been the subject of numerous researches; however, the whole Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 [...] Read more.
Magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, and calcium borohydride, Ca(BH4)2, are promising materials for hydrogen storage. Mixtures of different borohydrides have been the subject of numerous researches; however, the whole Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 system has not been investigated yet. In this study, the phase stability and the hydrogen desorption were experimentally investigated in the Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 system, by means of XRD, ATR-IR, and HP-DSC. Mg(BH4)2 and Ca(BH4)2 are fully immiscible in the solid state. In the mechanical mixtures, thermal decomposition occurs at slightly lower temperatures than for pure compounds. However, they originate products that cannot be identified by XRD, apart from Mg and MgH2. In fact, amorphous phases or mixtures of different poorly crystalline or nanocrystalline phases are formed, leading to a limited reversibility of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental and Applied Hydrogen Storage Materials Development)
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