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Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D1: Advanced Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 9506

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adeel Arshad

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Interests: phase change materials; nanomaterials; thermal conductivity enhancers; finned and porous heat sinks; heat transfer devices; electronics cooling; thermal management; thermal energy storage/systems; phase-change cooling and heating; photovoltaic/thermal systems; computational fluid dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Muhammad Anser Bashir

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy
Interests: solar thermal systems, CFD analysis, phase-change materials; concentrated solar thermal systems; thermal energy storage; CFD simulations; high temperature solar receivers; phase change materials; photovoltaic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Muhammad Imran

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
Interests: thermal management; thermal energy storage/systems; computational fluid dynamics; sustainable environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jo Darkwa

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Building, Energy and Environment (BEE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Interests: energy storage in phase change materials (PCM) ; thermochemical energy storage systems ; energy conversion and sustainable systems; low carbon construction materials; integrated environmental energy management; low energy buildings; desiccant technology; integrated PV/PCM/thermoelectric systems; indoor air quality; green roofs; energy modelling; green transport technology; total quality environmental management; green refrigeration and air conditioning systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present era emphasizes novel thermal management technologies with zero-noise and zero-power to make the zero-emission electronic devices for a variety of end-users. With the advancement in the electronic, telecommunications, automotive, and solar energy harvesting industries, electronics products have shifted towards lightweight, low power consumption, faster, and miniature devices. The advanced features of electronic packages, dissipation of an extra thermal load needs to be removed to prevent potential failure during the operation mode. The reliability of electronic devices is purely based on their ability to perform preprogrammed functions under safe operating conditions. Using phase change material (PCM) as a cooling media has become a very promising cooling technology in the current era with zero-noise and zero-power consumption. While PCMs have a great potential to absorb/release excessive heat during the heating/cooling process, they however possess low thermal conductivity, especially organic PCMs. There is ongoing research on the development of novel energy storage materials in the form of composite PCMs (cPCMs) to enhance their thermophysical properties, reducing super-cooling, improving cyclic reliability, volumetric and gravimetric storage density, cPCMs-integrated thermal management applications, and scale-up. These days, the addition of highly thermal conductive metal-matrix and chemically treated surfaces of nanomaterials have taken over the key attention of researchers and scientists.

This Special Issue aims to invite the recent studies based on experimental, numerical, and theoretical analysis on the development of cPCMs and their application in the field of thermal management and efficiency enhancement in various applications. This Special Issue seeks both high-quality original research and review articles.

Dr. Adeel Arshad
Dr. Muhammad Anser Bashir
Dr. Muhammad Imran
Prof. Dr. Jo Darkwa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

phase change materials (PCMs)
nanomaterials
composite phase change materials (cPCMs) based on nanomaterial and metal matrices
thermophysical properties
heat sink (finned and porous)
thermal management
electronic devices, photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) modules, li-ion batteries, electric vehicles (EVs)
CFD simulations of cPCMs based thermal management systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 4804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Investigation on Solar PVT- and PVT-PCM-Based Collector Constancy Performance

by MD Shouquat Hossain, Laveet Kumar, Adeel Arshad, Jeyraj Selvaraj, A. K. Pandey and Nasrudin Abd Rahim

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052224 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1751

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has a lower adoption rate than expected because of different weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, and stormy) and high material manufacturing costs. To overcome the barriers to adoption, many researchers are developing methods to increase its performance. A photovoltaic–thermal absorber hybrid system may shift its performance, but to become more efficient, the technology could improve with some strong thermal absorber materials. A phase change material (PCM) could be a suitable possibility to enhance the (electrical and thermal) PV performance. In this study, a solar PVT hybrid system is developed with a PCM and analyzed for comparative performance based on Malaysian weather conditions. The result shows PV performance (both electrical and thermal) was increased by utilizing PCMs. Electrical and thermal efficiency measurements for different collector configurations are compared, and PV performance and temperature readings are presented and discussed. The maximum electrical and thermal efficiency found for PVT and PVT-PCM are 14.57% and 15.32%, and 75.29% and 86.19%, respectively. However, the present work may provide extensive experimental methods for developing a PVT-PCM hybrid system to enhance electrical and thermal performance and use in different applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications)

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15 pages, 12196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonimaging High Concentrating Photovoltaic System Using Trough

by Waseem Iqbal, Irfan Ullah and Seoyong Shin

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031336 - 27 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1497

Abstract

Solar energy is a long-established technology, which has zero CO₂ emissions, and provides low-cost energy for a given area of land. The concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) has been given preference over the photovoltaic due to its high efficiency. In a CPV system, most of the solar cell area has been replaced with an optical concentrator. Various parabolic trough based CPV systems have been presented where a concentration of <300 is achieved. In the current research, a design is presented to achieve a high concentration of 622×. The design consists of two stages of concentration including parabolic trough as a main concentrator and nonimaging reflective grooves as a secondary concentrator. The trough reflects the incident light towards the secondary reflector where the light is redirected over the solar cell. Design of the two-stage concentrator, ray-tracing simulation, and results are presented. The system achieved an optical efficiency of 79%. The system would also be highly acceptable in solar thermal applications owing to its high concentration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications)

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27 pages, 9767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Passive Cooling Analysis of an Electronic Chipset Using Nanoparticles and Metal-Foam Composite PCM: An Experimental Study

by Faisal Hassan, Abid Hussain, Furqan Jamil, Adeel Arshad and Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Energies 2022, 15(22), 8746; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228746 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1880

Abstract

Thermal management of electronic components is critical for long-term reliability and continuous operation, as the over-heating of electronic equipment leads to decrement in performance. The novelty of the current experimental study is to investigate the passive cooling of electronic equipment, by using nano-enriched [...] Read more.

%

. The phase change material of PT-58 was used with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs), having concentrations of 0.01 wt.% and 0.02 wt.%. Three power levels of 8 W, 16 W, and 24 W, with corresponding heating inputs of 0.77 kW/

m^{2}

, 1.54 kW/

m^{2}

and 2.3 kW/

m^{2}

, respectively, were used to simulate the heating input to heat sink for thermal characterization. According to results, at 0.77 kW/

m^{2}

heating input the maximum base temperature declined by 13.03% in 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam case. At heating input of 1.54 kW/

m^{2}

, the maximum base temperature reduction of 16% was observed in case of 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam and 13.1% in case of 0.02 wt.% MgO-NEPCM/copper foam. Similarly, at heating input of 2.3 kW/

m^{2}

, the maximum temperature of base lessened by 12.58% in case of 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam. The highest time to reach the set point temperature of 50

°

C, 60

°

C, and 70

°

C was in case of GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam composites, while at all power levels MgO-NEPCM/copper foam gave comparable performance to GNPs based composite. Similar trend was observed in the study of enhancement ratio in operation time. From the results, it is concluded that the copper foam incorporation in NEPCM is an effective measure to mitigate the heat sink base temperature and can provide best cooling efficiency at low and higher heating loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications)

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Review

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28 pages, 7024 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications, Including Manufacturing Processes, Performance, and Applications

by Nassima Radouane

Energies 2022, 15(21), 8271; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218271 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2740

Abstract

To manage the imbalance between energy supply and demand in various energy systems such as energy storage and energy conversion, “phase change materials” are presented as promising options for these applications. To overcome the long-standing disadvantages of PCMs, for instance, small values of thermal conductivity, liquid leakage, separation of phase, and the problem of supercooling, advanced phase change composites (PCCs) manufactured by chemical modifications or the incorporation of functional additives are essential to overcome these disadvantages and promote the large-scale application of PCMs. Herein, we discuss a complete assessment of the recent development and crucial topics concerning PCCs, with a brief description of PCC preparation using different techniques, enhancing PCCs thermal conductivity approaches, and their applications. The various techniques of elaboration of PCCs used can be illustrated as polymerization, encapsulation, and hybrid confinement. Phase change materials (PCCs) are described as potential energy materials for thermal management and storage of thermal energy with the intention of fulfilling the gap between the source of energy and the need in different energy systems. Herein, we give a global presentation of PCCs subjects including PCC elaboration, enhancing thermal conductivity techniques, and applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications)

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