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Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 August 2024 | Viewed by 6432

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. IPC-ISEC, DEE, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Instituto de Telecomunicações, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: resonant converters; resonant converters; high-frequency magnetics; magnetic regulators; wireless charging; solid-state transformers; lighting drivers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

EV technology has proven to be a propulsion technology of the future. However, there is an urgent need to address challenges of lowering price, creating reasonably sized EVs for higher market penetration, higher lifecycle efficiency, and increased power density. Nonetheless, this does not solve the issue related to reluctance to adopt EVs due to a lack of a broad network of charging stations or limited range/autonomy. What is more, gender is one of the different sociodemographic factors (income, age, mobility pattern, etc.) pushing towards EV adoption. Women seem to prefer the benefits of an EV (environmental impact, fuel economy, ease of operation) but still rank lower on their potential EV interest, despite being the most important users in an urban driving scenario. Recent accounts indicate that EV charging operators need to prioritize women’s safety to not lose or miss out potential users. A lack of lighting and the positioning of public EV chargers in more isolated places do not contribute to the notion of security deemed so important by women. Therefore, range extension, has become critical in both urban and remote scenarios. Wireless charging technology, and in particularly inductive power charging, solves simultaneously the electric hazard risks of conventional power cord battery chargers, but specially EV limited autonomy and related anxiety and even security.

More recently research has shifted towards a focus on the challenges imposed by dynamic operation modes, where cost-effective analysis of the best dynamic configuration, leakage flux control techniques, and optimization of the transmitter pads are lacking. State-of-the art solutions with compact in the wheel approaches have also emerged and multiple-coupling systems are becoming more apparent.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the previous presented field. Nonetheless, wireless charging for EVs is not limited to cars or higher power vehicles. Other wireless charging applications in the field of electric mobility are subjects of interest such as underwater or airborne vehicles, industrial machines. We invite submissions related to the integration of artificial intelligence or machine learning techniques, as well as communication networks with wireless charging capacities for electrical mobility. The purpose of this publication is to disseminate applications, strategies and or technologies that contribute towards a mature transition to a greener, safer and more sustainable future in electric transportation.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  1. Opportunities and feasibility of dynamic and quasi-dynamic IPT systems (industrial, highways, low traffic, controlled movement, stop and go), interoperability.
  2. High-order resonant configurations and/or multiple coupling systems for wireless charging in EVs.
  3. Sizing vs energy transfer capability for DIPT.
  4. Tolerance in IPT systems.
  5. Wireless charging systems for underwater and airborne EVs.
  6. Artificial Intelligence in wireless charging systems for EVs.
  7. Integration of communication networks with wireless charging for electrical mobility.
  8. High-Power IPT applications.
  9. Configuration topologies for DIPT system feeding arrangements.
  10. Trends and critical updates for related standards.

Dr. Marina Perdigão
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrical mobility
  • wireless charging
  • resonant converter
  • magnetic coupler

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 5101 KiB  
Article
Double-Coupling Resonant Network for Dynamic IPT Systems Used in EV Charging Applications
by Valter S. Costa, André M. S. Mendes, Emanuel Marques and Marina S. Perdigão
Energies 2023, 16(21), 7269; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217269 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1183
Abstract
Dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems as well as static inductive power transfer (SIPT) systems are typically implemented with H-bridge inverters with resonant compensation networks to control and limit the charging current. However, contrary to SIPT, DIPT implies inherent displacements, in the travel [...] Read more.
Dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems as well as static inductive power transfer (SIPT) systems are typically implemented with H-bridge inverters with resonant compensation networks to control and limit the charging current. However, contrary to SIPT, DIPT implies inherent displacements, in the travel direction, as well as the already expected misalignments (vertical and lateral). The challenges imposed by this feature have an impact on the selected compensation network. Typical single-coupling resonant topologies SS, SP, PS, PP, LCL-S and LCL-P are considered. In this work, a double-coupling SSS topology is proposed for DIPT applications to overcome the limitations of classical topologies. A resonant converter topology with natural current and voltage limitation under misalignment conditions is preferable. This paper performs a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of the magnetic coupler (MC) in order to extract the coupling factor and self and mutual inductances as a function of the electric vehicle (EV) movement. The MC parameters are used to build a model in MATLAB/Simulink with coupling variation in order to assess the converter behavior under misalignment conditions. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the double-coupling SSS topology for DIPT application by exhibiting safe converter operation under the full range of coupling and load operation (full to no-coupling and full to no-load). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles)
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15 pages, 3097 KiB  
Article
Concave Ferrite Core for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)
by Elisa de Melo Henriques and Sascha Stegen
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4553; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124553 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
High-efficiency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can present a perfect solution for fast-charging autonomous guided vehicles (AGV) to improve working hours in high-tech warehouses. Stationary charging stations reduce separation distance, improving coupling factor and power transfer efficiency. Analysis and design of the WPT [...] Read more.
High-efficiency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can present a perfect solution for fast-charging autonomous guided vehicles (AGV) to improve working hours in high-tech warehouses. Stationary charging stations reduce separation distance, improving coupling factor and power transfer efficiency. Analysis and design of the WPT system focused on maximum power at the load with a SS compensation circuit to reach high efficiency while applying the theory of power transformers design to maximize the power handleability with the physical dimensions. The proposed concept fits small AGVs. This paper proposes a unique ferrite structure for the transmitter ferromagnetic core. This novel shape introduces horizontal angular misalignment resistance due to the transmitter’s omnidirectional concave disc ferrite core combined with an E-core ferrite at the receiver side. The proposed WPT system can output 200 W at 100 kHz. A realistic 3D model has been designed into a symmetrical equivalent to reducing complexity and computational effort. The visualization of the magnetic flux distribution demonstrated that the proposed design has a better path to flow without concentrating flux in small regions, reducing heating losses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles)
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Review

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31 pages, 15839 KiB  
Review
Review of Wireless Charging System: Magnetic Materials, Coil Configurations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
by Pradeep Vishnuram, Suresh Panchanathan, Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam, Vijayakumar Krishnasamy, Mohit Bajaj, Marian Piecha, Vojtech Blazek and Lukas Prokop
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4020; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104020 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3264
Abstract
Electric transportation will assist in lowering emissions of greenhouse gases and mitigating the impact of rising petrol prices. To promote the widespread adoption of electric transportation, a diverse range of charging stations must be established in an atmosphere that is friendly to users. [...] Read more.
Electric transportation will assist in lowering emissions of greenhouse gases and mitigating the impact of rising petrol prices. To promote the widespread adoption of electric transportation, a diverse range of charging stations must be established in an atmosphere that is friendly to users. Wireless electric vehicle charging systems are a viable alternative technology that can charge electric vehicles (EVs) without any plug-in issues. Wireless power transfer (WPT), which involves the transmission of electricity via an electromagnetic field despite the presence of an intervening area, holds out the possibility of new prospects for EVs to increase environmentally responsible mobility. This review article examines the WPT technology and how it might be applied to electric vehicles from both a technical and safety standpoint. The prime aim of this review is (1) to illustrate the current state of the art in terms of technological advances as well as research limitations in the field of WPT development and use within the field of transportation; (2) to organise the experimental the deployment of WPT EV systems in the actual world; and (3) to analyse the results over a sustainable period and to identify limitations as well as chances for growth. From a technical point of view, the progress that has been made on the selection of material for designing coils, different types of coils with a specific focus on the overall performance of the system. As a result, this study aims to provide an extensive overview focusing on the magnetic materials and the architectures of the transmitter and receiver pads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles)
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