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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advances and Challenges in the Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Advances and Challenges in the Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 7499

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Supriyo Ray

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Guest Editor
Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, 14000 Jericho Park Rd, Bowie, MD 20715, USA
Interests: membrane biophysics; protein structure and function; host–pathogen interactions; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Staphylococcus aureus; enzymes; plant transcriptomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens’ direct or indirect interaction with the host cell and its effect thereafter is a continuously emerging field. Pathogens manipulate mechanisms at the molecular, biochemical, and biophysical level, evoking a cellular response that facilitates pathogens’ survival and propagation. Studying these mechanisms not only provides insight into cellular mechanisms but also in the process provides novel targets for drugs and diagnostics. Pathogens’ evolving complexity helps to develop resistance against drugs by developing newer pathways, necessitating research for newer drug targets. Pathogens can also modulate host cellular functions and induce an uncontrolled proliferation of cells leading to cancer.

Presently, in the times of COVID-19, host-pathogen interaction has again been in the spotlight, especially with SARS-COV-2’s interaction with cells and host immune response. COVID-19 serves as a warning to revisit lesser understood pathways and mechanisms related to host-pathogen interaction.

On behalf of the Biomedicines journal, you are cordially invited to contribute with an article to this Special Issue on “Advances and Challenges in Host-Pathogen Interactions”. All original research articles, reviews, minireviews, and perspectives will be considered for publication after rigorous peer review. This Special Issue is open to all hosts and pathogens under the purview of biomedical sciences.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Host response to infection and co-infection;
  • Cellular effects on the host in response to toxins or other metabolites secreted by the pathogen;
  • Mechanisms of intracellular survival;
  • Molecular and biochemical response during host-pathogen interaction;
  • Regulation of cellular proliferation;
  • Advances and challenges in drug design, vaccine development, and therapeutics;
  • Advances and challenges in designing and developing diagnostics and sensors.

Dr. Supriyo Ray
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • toxins
  • metabolites
  • protein structure & function
  • non-coding RNA
  • sensors
  • vaccine
  • glycosylation
  • proliferation
  • lipids
  • drugs
  • diagnostics
  • co-infection
  • exosomes
  • cell signaling
  • eDNA
  • microfluidics
  • nanoparticles
  • endosomes
  • metabolism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Impact on Patient Management of a Novel Host Response Test for Distinguishing Bacterial and Viral Infections: Real World Evidence from the Urgent Care Setting
by Boaz Kalmovich, Daniella Rahamim-Cohen and Shirley Shapiro Ben David
Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051498 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse and underuse are prevalent in urgent care settings, driven in part by diagnostic uncertainty. A host-based test for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections (MeMed BV) has been clinically validated previously. Here we examined how BV impacts antibiotic prescription in a real-world [...] Read more.
Antibiotic overuse and underuse are prevalent in urgent care settings, driven in part by diagnostic uncertainty. A host-based test for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections (MeMed BV) has been clinically validated previously. Here we examined how BV impacts antibiotic prescription in a real-world setting. The intention to treat with antibiotics before the receipt of a BV result was compared with practice after the receipt of a BV result at three urgent care centers. The analysis included 152 patients, 57.9% children and 50.7% female. In total, 131 (86.2%) had a bacterial or viral BV result. Physicians were uncertain about prescription for 38 (29.0%) patients and for 30 (78.9%) of these cases, subsequently acted in accordance with the BV result. Physicians intended to prescribe antibiotics to 39 (29.8%) patients, of whom 17 (43.6%) had bacterial BV results. Among the remaining 22 patients with viral BV results, antibiotic prescriptions were reduced by 40.9%. Overall, the physician prescribed in accordance with BV results in 81.7% of all cases (p < 0.05). In total, the physicians reported that BV supported or altered their decision making in 87.0% of cases (p < 0.05). BV impacts patient management in real-world settings, supporting appropriate antibiotic use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in the Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions)
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Review

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20 pages, 401 KiB  
Review
Overcoming Barriers to Preventing and Treating P. aeruginosa Infections Using AAV Vectored Immunoprophylaxis
by Jordyn A. Lopes, Amira D. Rghei, Brad Thompson, Leonardo Susta, Cezar M. Khursigara and Sarah K. Wootton
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3162; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123162 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1831
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial pathogen of global concern and is responsible for 10–15% of nosocomial infections worldwide. This opportunistic bacterial pathogen is known to cause serious complications in immunocompromised patients and is notably the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients [...] Read more.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial pathogen of global concern and is responsible for 10–15% of nosocomial infections worldwide. This opportunistic bacterial pathogen is known to cause serious complications in immunocompromised patients and is notably the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Currently, the only line of defense against P. aeruginosa infections is antibiotic treatment. Due to the acquired and adaptive resistance mechanisms of this pathogen, the prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains has increased, presenting a major problem in healthcare settings. To date, there are no approved licensed vaccines to protect against P. aeruginosa infections, prompting the urgent need alternative treatment options. An alternative to traditional vaccines is vectored immunoprophylaxis (VIP), which utilizes a safe and effective adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector to produce sustained levels of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in vivo from a single intramuscular injection. In this review, we will provide an overview of P. aeruginosa biology and key mechanisms of pathogenesis, discuss current and emerging treatment strategies for P. aeruginosa infections and highlight AAV-VIP as a promising novel therapeutic platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in the Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions)
23 pages, 4177 KiB  
Review
Contribution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Progression
by Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández, Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez, Concha Casado, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, María Pernas, Jonay García-Luis, Silvia Marfil, Isabel Olivares, Judith Estévez-Herrera, Rodrigo Trujillo-González, Julià Blanco and Cecilio Lopez-Galindez
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092172 - 2 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described [...] Read more.
In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in the Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions)
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