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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0
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Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 8735

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Grau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: eHealth; preventive medicine; public health; noncommunicable diseases; empowerment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes constitutes a worldwide public health problem that affected 463 million people (9.3% of the world’s population) in 2019. Recent projections suggest that this prevalence is likely to increase in the next 20 years, affecting 592 million people (10.1%) in 2035. The average life expectancy of a 50-year-old individual with diabetes is 6 years shorter than it would be without the disease. Indeed, diabetes has been associated with premature death from cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure), several cancers (liver, colorectal, and lung), infections (COVID-19), and other diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver and kidney disease). The scope of this Special Issue is to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in the association between diabetes and comorbidities and to describe the clinical and therapeutic implications of such associations.

Dr. Maria Grau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases/complications
  • cardiovascular diseases/mortality
  • chronic kidney disease/complications
  • chronic kidney disease/mortality
  • COPD/complications
  • COPD/mortality
  • COVID-19
  • diabetes mellitus, type 1/complications
  • diabetes mellitus, type 1/mortality
  • diabetes mellitus, type 2/complications
  • diabetes mellitus, type 2/mortality
  • liver disease/complications
  • liver disease/mortality
  • neoplasms/complications
  • neoplasms/mortality
  • SARS-CoV-2

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 4519 KiB  
Article
Choroidal and Retinal Thicknesses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy Measured by Swept Source OCT
by Guisela Fernández-Espinosa, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, Ana Boned-Murillo, Maria Dolores Diaz-Barreda, Ana Sanchez-Cano, María Sopeña-Pinilla and Isabel Pinilla
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2314; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092314 - 18 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
Background: To study choroidal thickness (CT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients with moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to correlate with changes in retinal thickness (RT) with swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) compared to healthy subjects. Methods: Fifty-four DM2 patients with moderate DR without [...] Read more.
Background: To study choroidal thickness (CT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients with moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to correlate with changes in retinal thickness (RT) with swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) compared to healthy subjects. Methods: Fifty-four DM2 patients with moderate DR without diabetic macular edema (DME) and 73 age-matched healthy subjects were evaluated using SS-OCT to measure changes in total RT and CT in the nine areas of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) macular grid. Results: The mean age was 64.06 ± 11.98 years and 60.79 ± 8.62 years in the diabetic and control groups, respectively. Total RT showed statistically significant differences in the temporal inner area, with higher values in the DM2 group (p = 0.010). CT did not show differences between the groups. There was a significant negative correlation between RT and age in all of the outer ETDRS areas and a positive significant correlation in the central area for the DM2 group. There was also a negative significant correlation between CT and age in all of the ETDRS areas except for the inferior inner area. In the DM2 group, a negative correlation was observed between RT and CT in the central area (p = 0.039) and in both horizontal parafoveal areas (temporal inner, p = 0.028; nasal inner, p= 0.003). Conclusion: DM2 patients with moderate DR have no changes with regard to CT. Both CT and RT decreased with age in DM2, showing a negative correlation between these factors in the central and horizontal parafoveal areas of the ETDRS grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0)
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11 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Subliminal Electrical Noise Stimulation on Plantar Vibration Sensitivity in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus
by Tina J. Drechsel, Claudio Zippenfennig, Daniel Schmidt and Thomas L. Milani
Biomedicines 2022, 10(8), 1880; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081880 - 4 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
Subliminal electrical noise (SEN) enhances sensitivity in healthy individuals of various ages. Diabetes and its neurodegenerative profile, such as marked decreases in foot sensitivity, highlights the potential benefits of SEN in such populations. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SEN [...] Read more.
Subliminal electrical noise (SEN) enhances sensitivity in healthy individuals of various ages. Diabetes and its neurodegenerative profile, such as marked decreases in foot sensitivity, highlights the potential benefits of SEN in such populations. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SEN on vibration sensitivity in diabetes. Vibration perception thresholds (VPT) and corresponding VPT variations (coefficient of variation, CoV) of two experimental groups with diabetes mellitus were determined using a customized vibration exciter (30 and 200 Hz). Plantar measurements were taken at the metatarsal area with and without SEN stimulation. Wilcoxon signed-rank and t tests were used to test for differences in VPT and CoV within frequencies, between the conditions with and without SEN. We found no statistically significant effects of SEN on VPT and CoV (p > 0.05). CoV showed descriptively lower mean variations of 4 and 7% for VPT in experiment 1. SEN did not demonstrate improvements in VPT in diabetic individuals. Interestingly, taking into account the most severely affected (neuropathy severity) individuals, SEN seems to positively influence vibratory perception. However, the descriptively reduced variations in experiment 1 indicate that participants felt more consistently. It is possible that the effect of SEN on thick, myelinated Aβ-fibers is only marginally present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0)
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Review

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12 pages, 605 KiB  
Review
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Serotonin: What Is New in the Last 15 Years?
by Nazarine Mokhtar, Stephane Doly and Christine Courteix
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1924; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071924 - 6 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2548
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in numerous physiological functions and plays a key role in pain modulation including neuropathic pain. Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus often accompanied by chronic neuropathic pain. Animal models of diabetes offer relevant [...] Read more.
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in numerous physiological functions and plays a key role in pain modulation including neuropathic pain. Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus often accompanied by chronic neuropathic pain. Animal models of diabetes offer relevant tools for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological sensitivity of diabetic neuropathic pain and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In this review, we report data from preclinical work published over the last 15 years on the analgesic activity of drugs acting on the serotonergic system, such as serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressants, and on the involvement of certain serotonin receptors-in particular 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A/2c and 5-HT6 receptors-in rodent models of painful diabetic neuropathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0)
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Other

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15 pages, 857 KiB  
Systematic Review
Non-Insulin Novel Antidiabetic Drugs Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
by Teodor Salmen, Valeria-Anca Pietroșel, Bianca-Margareta Mihai, Ioana Cristina Bica, Claudiu Teodorescu, Horia Păunescu, Oana Andreia Coman, Doina-Andrada Mihai and Anca Pantea Stoian
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102624 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyse the published data and to realize an update about the use and pathogenesis of the novel antidiabetic drugs, respectively, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ra), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), in patients with [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to analyse the published data and to realize an update about the use and pathogenesis of the novel antidiabetic drugs, respectively, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ra), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Literature research in the PubMed and Web of Science database was performed in order to identify relevant published clinical trials and meta-analyses that include information about the treatment with novel antidiabetic agents in patients with T2DM and COVID-19. A total of seven articles were included, and their primary and secondary outcomes were reported and analysed. DPP-4i has mixed results on mortality in T2DM patients with COVID-19 but with an overall slightly favourable or neutral effect, whereas GLP-1 Ra seems to have a rather beneficial impact, while SGLT-2i may be useful in acute illness. Even if there are limited data, they seem to have favourable efficacy and safety profiles. The available evidence is heterogenous and insufficient to evaluate if the benefits of non-insulin novel antidiabetic drugs in COVID-19 treatment are due to the improvement of glycaemic control or to their intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects but highlights their beneficial effects in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes 2.0)
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