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Major Breakthroughs in Diabetic Animal Model Research

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A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 4719

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova

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Guest Editor

Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
Interests: diabetic autonomic neuropathy; animal models; cardiac innervation; neuropeptides

Dr. Shashank Pandey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
Interests: autoimmune disease; neuropeptides; proteomic biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant global health emergencies of the 21st century. According to a statistical analysis conducted by International Diabetes Federation in 2017, 451 million adult people have diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to reach 693 million by 2045. WHO claimed that it will be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide in 2030. For these reasons, it is necessary to pay great attention to research on the processes occurring in the diabetic organism. Although research into the pathophysiology of this disease has been ongoing for more than 100 years, no effective and reliable therapy has yet been found. Animal models of individual types of diabetes played, and still play, a significant role in this research.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the recent updates on the use of animal models in diabetes research, including, the description of hitherto undescribed pathological processes or new therapeutic options. We welcome original research and review articles.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Genetic or spontaneously induced animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
Nongenetic or experimentally induced animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
Animal models of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM);
iPSC-based in vitro diabetic models;
Stem-cell-based organ-on-a-chip diabetic models;
Animal models of diabetic complications;
Future perspectives of modeling diabetes mellitus in animals;
Diabetic biomarkers;
Recent advances in treating diabetes and its complications from nonclinical studies;
Conventional and complementary approaches;
Vascular damage and regeneration.

Dr. Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
Dr. Shashank Pandey
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

type 1 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus
gestational diabetes
animal models
diabetic neuropathy
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic nephropathy
targeted therapy
stem cell technology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1812 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Glymphatic Response to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes

by Edward D. Boyd, Li Zhang, Guangliang Ding, Lian Li, Mei Lu, Qingjiang Li, Rui Huang, Jasleen Kaur, Jiani Hu, Michael Chopp, Zhenggang Zhang and Quan Jiang

Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020401 - 8 Feb 2024

Viewed by 769

Abstract

The glymphatic system has recently been shown to be important in neurological diseases, including diabetes. However, little is known about how the progressive onset of diabetes affects the glymphatic system. The aim of this study is to investigate the glymphatic system response to the progressive onset of diabetes in a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Male Wistar rats (n = 45) with and without diabetes were evaluated using MRI glymphatic tracer kinetics, functional tests, and brain tissue immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrated that the contrast agent clearance impairment gradually progressed with the diabetic duration. The MRI data showed that an impairment in contrast clearance occurred prior to the cognitive deficits detected using functional tests and permitted the detection of an early DM stage compared to the immuno-histopathology and cognitive tests. Additionally, the quantitative MRI markers of brain waste clearance demonstrated region-dependent sensitivity in glymphatic impairment. The improved sensitivity of MRI markers in the olfactory bulb and the whole brain at an early DM stage may be attributed to the important role of the olfactory bulb in the parenchymal efflux pathway. MRI can provide sensitive quantitative markers of glymphatic impairment during the progression of DM and can be used as a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of DM with a potential for clinical application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Major Breakthroughs in Diabetic Animal Model Research)

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Review

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18 pages, 1425 KiB

Open AccessReview

Animal Models for Understanding the Mechanisms of Beta Cell Death during Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis

by Brittney A. Covington and Wenbiao Chen

Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030473 - 20 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1033

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide epidemic, primarily driven by obesity from overnutrition and sedentariness. Recent results reveal there is heterogeneity in both pathology and treatment responses in T2D patients. Therefore, a variety of T2D animal models are necessary to obtain a mechanistic understanding of distinct disease processes. T2D results from insufficient insulin, either due to beta cell loss or inborn deficiency. Although decreases in beta cell mass can occur through loss of identity or cell death, in this review, we will highlight the T2D animal models that display beta cell death, including the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat, sand rat, db/db mouse, and a novel diabetic zebrafish model, the Zebrafish Muscle Insulin-Resistant (zMIR) fish. Procuring a mechanistic understanding of different T2D progression trajectories under a variety of contexts is paramount for developing and testing more individualized treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Major Breakthroughs in Diabetic Animal Model Research)

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22 pages, 2425 KiB

Open AccessReview

Animal Models in Diabetic Research—History, Presence, and Future Perspectives

by Shashank Pandey, Tomas Chmelir and Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova

Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102852 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2409

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very serious disease, the incidence of which has been increasing worldwide. The beginning of diabetic research can be traced back to the 17th century. Since then, animals have been experimented on for diabetic research. However, the greatest development of diabetes research occurred in the second half of the last century, along with the development of laboratory techniques. Information obtained by monitoring patients and animal models led to the finding that there are several types of DM that differ significantly from each other in the causes of the onset and course of the disease. Through different types of animal models, researchers have studied the pathophysiology of all types of diabetic conditions and discovered suitable methods for therapy. Interestingly, despite the unquestionable success in understanding DM through animal models, we did not fully succeed in transferring the data obtained from animal models to human clinical research. On the contrary, we have observed that the chances of drug failure in human clinical trials are very high. In this review, we will summarize the history and presence of animal models in the research of DM over the last hundred years. Furthermore, we have summarized the new methodological approaches, such as “organ-on-chip,” that have the potential to screen the newly discovered drugs for human clinical trials and advance the level of knowledge about diabetes, as well as its therapy, towards a personalized approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Major Breakthroughs in Diabetic Animal Model Research)

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