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Biomedicines
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Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches
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Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 9885

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Patrick Fissler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Psychiatric Services Thurgau, CH-8596 Münsterlingen, Switzerland
2. University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
Interests: mitochondria; bioenergetics; inflammation; brain imaging; kynurenine pathway; neurotrophic factors; autonomous nervous system; allostatic load; transdiagnostic approach; neurocognitive disorders; psychiatric disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders share common and distinct biomarkers. Cross-disorder analysis has revealed biomarker overlaps and differences between neurocognitive disorders (Alzheimer's disease, vascular disease, or multiple sclerosis), between psychiatric disorders (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia, or post-traumatic stress disorder), and between psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. This Special Issue invites original research articles and reviews that use a transdiagnostic approach to extend our knowledge about overlaps and differences of biomarkers for different psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders or symptoms. Biomarkers of interest concern all levels of analysis, including the genetic, molecular, subcellular, cellular, physiological, neurofunctional, neurostructural, or behavioral level. All transdiagnostic approaches are welcomed that focus on different neurocognitive disorders or symptoms, on different psychiatric disorders or symptoms, or on both psychiatric as well as neurocognitive disorders or symptoms. This Special Issue aims to provide a collection of papers that advance our understanding of generic, disorder-, or symptom-overarching biomarkers on the one hand and disorder- or symptom-specific biomarkers on the other hand.

Dr. Patrick Fissler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • transdiagnostic approach
  • trans-symptomatic approach
  • cross-disorder analysis
  • neurocognitive disorders
  • neurological disorders
  • psychiatric disorders

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 744 KiB  
Article
Early Adverse Family Experiences and Elevated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Predict Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Females with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders and Suicidal Ideation
by Mikhail S. Zinchuk, Tatiana A. Druzhkova, Sofya B. Popova, Marina Y. Zhanina, Alla B. Guekht and Natalia V. Gulyaeva
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3181; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123181 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 892
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI), prevalent in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD), is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Despite active research into the clinical and psychological aspects of NSSI, the underlying biological mechanisms remain obscure. Early adverse experiences are believed to induce long-lasting [...] Read more.
Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI), prevalent in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD), is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Despite active research into the clinical and psychological aspects of NSSI, the underlying biological mechanisms remain obscure. Early adverse experiences are believed to induce long-lasting changes in neuroendocrine mechanisms of stress control playing a key role in NSSI development. The aim of the study was to evaluate parameters potentially predicting development of NSSI in female patients with NPMD and suicidal ideation. Eighty female patients over 18 years with NPMD and suicidal ideation (40 with and 40 without NSSI) and 48 age matching women without evidence of mental illness (healthy controls) were enrolled. Diagnostic interviews and self-report measures were used to assess childhood maltreatment, presence, frequency, and characteristics of suicidal and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, the Beck Depression Inventory scale to assess severity of depression. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis markers, hormones, and neurotrophic factors were measured in blood serum. The likelihood of developing NSSI in patients with NPMD and suicidal ideation was associated with early adverse family history and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a result of early chronic stress experiences may represent critical biological mechanism promoting the development of NSSI behaviors in patients with NPMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches)
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16 pages, 4687 KiB  
Article
Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the Right Anterior Insula Differentiates between Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls
by Anna Todeva-Radneva, Sevdalina Kandilarova, Rositsa Paunova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Tina Zdravkova and Ronald Sladky
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061608 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1903
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore possible differences of the whole-brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula (AI), in a sample of depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to explore possible differences of the whole-brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula (AI), in a sample of depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: A hundred and three subjects (nMDD = 35, nBD = 25, and nHC = 43) between the ages of eighteen and sixty-five years old underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. The CONN Toolbox was used to process and analyze the functional connectivity of the ACC and AI. Results: The comparison between the patients (MDD/BD) and HC yielded increased resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the ACC and the motor and somatosensory cortices (SSC), superior parietal lobule (SPL), precuneus, and lateral occipital cortex, which was driven by the BD group. In addition, hyperconnectivity between the right AI and the motor and SSC was found in BD, as compared to HC. In MDD, as compared to HC, hyperconnectivity between ACC and SPL and the lateral occipital cortex was found, with no statistical rsFC differences for the AI seed. Compared to BD, the MDD group showed ACC–cerebellum hyperconnectivity and a trend for increased rsFC between the right AI and the bilateral superior frontal cortex. Conclusions: Considering the observed hyperconnectivity between the ACC/somatosensory cortex in the patient group, we suggest depression may be related to an impairment of the sensory-discriminative function of the SSC, which results in the phenomenological signature of mental pain in both MDD and BD. These findings suggest that future research should investigate this particular network with respect to motor functions and executive control, as a potential differential diagnostic biomarker for MDD and BD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches)
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Review

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15 pages, 1180 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Microbiome in First Episode of Psychosis
by Lucero Nuncio-Mora, Nuria Lanzagorta, Humberto Nicolini, Emmanuel Sarmiento, Galo Ortiz, Fernanda Sosa and Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1770; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061770 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3831
Abstract
The relationship between the gut-brain-microbiome axis has gained great importance in the study of psychiatric disorders, as it may represent a new target for their treatment. To date, the available literature suggests that the microbiota may influence the pathophysiology of several diseases, including [...] Read more.
The relationship between the gut-brain-microbiome axis has gained great importance in the study of psychiatric disorders, as it may represent a new target for their treatment. To date, the available literature suggests that the microbiota may influence the pathophysiology of several diseases, including psychosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical and preclinical studies that have evaluated the differences in microbiota as well as the metabolic consequences related to psychosis. Current data suggest that the genera Lactobacillus and Megasphaera are increased in schizophrenia (SZ), as well as alterations in the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle, serum levels of tryptophan, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). There are still very few studies on early-onset psychosis, thus more studies are needed to be able to propose targeted therapies for a point when the disease has just started or has not yet progressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches)
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18 pages, 1067 KiB  
Review
Heart Rate Variability as a Translational Dynamic Biomarker of Altered Autonomic Function in Health and Psychiatric Disease
by Agorastos Agorastos, Alessandra C. Mansueto, Torben Hager, Eleni Pappi, Angeliki Gardikioti and Oliver Stiedl
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061591 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the precise regulation of tissue functions and organs and, thus, is crucial for optimal stress reactivity, adaptive responses and health in basic and challenged states (survival). The fine-tuning of central ANS activity relies on the [...] Read more.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the precise regulation of tissue functions and organs and, thus, is crucial for optimal stress reactivity, adaptive responses and health in basic and challenged states (survival). The fine-tuning of central ANS activity relies on the internal central autonomic regulation system of the central autonomic network (CAN), while the peripheral activity relies mainly on the two main and interdependent peripheral ANS tracts, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). In disease, autonomic imbalance is associated with decreased dynamic adaptability and increased morbidity and mortality. Acute or prolonged autonomic dysregulation, as observed in stress-related disorders, affects CAN core centers, thereby altering downstream peripheral ANS function. One of the best established and most widely used non-invasive methods for the quantitative assessment of ANS activity is the computerized analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV, which is determined by different methods from those used to determine the fluctuation of instantaneous heart rate (HR), has been used in many studies as a powerful index of autonomic (re)activity and an indicator of cardiac risk and ageing. Psychiatric patients regularly show altered autonomic function with increased HR, reduced HRV and blunted diurnal/circadian changes compared to the healthy state. The aim of this article is to provide basic knowledge on ANS function and (re)activity assessment and, thus, to support a much broader use of HRV as a valid, transdiagnostic and fully translational dynamic biomarker of stress system sensitivity and vulnerability to stress-related disorders in neuroscience research and clinical psychiatric practice. In particular, we review the functional levels of central and peripheral ANS control, the main neurobiophysiologic theoretical models (e.g., polyvagal theory, neurovisceral integration model), the precise autonomic influence on cardiac function and the definition and main aspects of HRV and its different measures (i.e., time, frequency and nonlinear domains). We also provide recommendations for the proper use of electrocardiogram recordings for HRV assessment in clinical and research settings and highlight pathophysiological, clinical and research implications for a better functional understanding of the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying healthy and malfunctioning brain–heart interactions in individual stress reactivity and psychiatric disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders: Focusing on Transdiagnostic Approaches)
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