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Atmosphere
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Stratospheric Ozone
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Stratospheric Ozone

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2018) | Viewed by 7139

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Klemens Hocke

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: stratospheric ozone; atmospheric dynamics; microwave radiometry; solar-terrestrial physics; time series analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stratospheric ozone plays a key role in chemical and radiative budgets of the stratosphere since it is the only atmospheric species that effectively absorbs about 90% of the ultraviolet solar radiation (200–300 nm), protecting life on Earth from exposure to harmful radiation. The stratospheric temperature increases with height which is mainly due to atmospheric heating by stratospheric ozone. This underlines the key role of stratospheric ozone for dynamics, circulation and energetics of the stratosphere. It is still an open question if the stratospheric ozone layer recovers from man-made emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the past and emissions of other ozone depleting substances at present. A new field of research is the link between climate and stratospheric ozone. This Special Issue is open to all publications on stratospheric ozone.

Dr. Klemens Hocke
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • climate and stratospheric ozone
  • chemical and radiative budget of the stratosphere
  • modelling of past, present and future stratospheric ozone
  • long-term monitoring of stratospheric ozone measurement techniques
  • trend analysis of stratospheric ozone
  • global distribution of stratospheric ozone
  • stratospheric polar ozone
  • ozone depleting substances
  • and other topics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3888 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Wintertime Trend of Zonally Asymmetric Ozone in Boreal Extratropics During 1979–2016
by Andrea Schneidereit and Dieter H. W. Peters
Atmosphere 2018, 9(12), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120468 - 29 Nov 2018
Viewed by 2625
Abstract
Strong zonally asymmetric ozone (ZAO) changes are observed in the boreal extratropics for winter. During the TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) period (1979–1992) the decrease of zonally asymmetric total ozone (ZATO) was twice as large as the observed zonal mean total ozone trend [...] Read more.
Strong zonally asymmetric ozone (ZAO) changes are observed in the boreal extratropics for winter. During the TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) period (1979–1992) the decrease of zonally asymmetric total ozone (ZATO) was twice as large as the observed zonal mean total ozone trend over Europe in January mainly caused by ultra-long wave transport. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ozone evolution reveals three different quasi-bidecadal trend stages: (i) Decline, (ii) leveling, and (ii) healing. This study focuses on the ZAO structure in boreal extratropics and on ozone transport changes by ultra-long waves during winter months. ERA-Interim data together with a linearized transport model are used. During the healing stage ZATO increases significantly over the North Atlantic/European region for January. The ZATO increase (healing stage) and ZATO decrease (decline stage) are caused by different monthly mean ozone transport characteristics of ultra-long planetary waves over the North Atlantic/European region. Furthermore, the vertical advection (ageostrophic transport) of ozone versus its horizontal component dominates in the lower and middle stratosphere during the healing stage. It is hypothesized that these ageostrophic wind changes are mainly caused by a wave train directed northeastwards which seems to be directly linked to the Arctic warming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stratospheric Ozone)
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14 pages, 6638 KiB  
Article
Mesospheric Inversion Layers at Mid-Latitudes and Coincident Changes of Ozone, Water Vapour and Horizontal Wind in the Middle Atmosphere
by Klemens Hocke, Martin Lainer, Leonie Bernet and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmosphere 2018, 9(5), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050171 - 3 May 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4097
Abstract
We analyse middle atmospheric profiles of temperature, geopotential height, water vapour volume mixing ratio, and ozone volume mixing ratio above Bern (46.95 ∘ N, 7.44 ∘ E). These profiles were observed by the satellite experiment Aura/MLS and the ground-based microwave radiometers MIAWARA and [...] Read more.
We analyse middle atmospheric profiles of temperature, geopotential height, water vapour volume mixing ratio, and ozone volume mixing ratio above Bern (46.95 ∘ N, 7.44 ∘ E). These profiles were observed by the satellite experiment Aura/MLS and the ground-based microwave radiometers MIAWARA and GROMOS at Bern. The data series of Aura/MLS and GROMOS extend from the winter 2004/2005 to the winter 2017/2018 while the MIAWARA series starts in winter 2007/2008. Mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) above Bern, Switzerland are often present during the winter season, and the temperature peak of the MIL is located at an altitude of about 81 km in winter. The occurrence rate of the MIL during the winter season above Bern is about 42%. The MILs are possibly associated with planetary wave breaking processes in the mesospheric surf zone at mid-latitudes during winter. The study only evaluates daily averages in order to reduce tidal influences. Composite atmospheric profiles are computed for times when the MIL is present and for times when the MIL is absent. The difference of the composites indicates that middle and upper stratospheric ozone are reduced by up to 7% when the MIL is present while lower mesospheric water vapour is enhanced by up to 20% during the MIL occurrence. Using wind data of ECMWF operational analysis, we find that eastward and northward winds are decelerated by about 5–15 m/s in the lower mesosphere during the occurrence of an MIL. We also find that the occurrence of an MIL above Bern is not a regional process, but it depends on the movements and deformations of the polar mesospheric vortex. During an MIL, the location of Bern is outside of the lower mesospheric vortex. These new findings of atmospheric composition and circulation changes support the assumption that winter MILs at mid-latitudes are connected to planetary wave breaking in the middle atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stratospheric Ozone)
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