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Genes 2011, 2(1), 219-228; doi:10.3390/genes2010219

Article

Hes1 Oscillations Contribute to Heterogeneous Differentiation Responses in Embryonic Stem Cells

Taeko Kobayashi ^1,2,*  and Ryoichiro Kageyama ^1,2

¹ Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan ² Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 17 December 2010; in revised form: 12 February 2011 / Accepted: 13 February 2011 / Published: 22 February 2011

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Early Mouse Embryo as a Model Organism for Reprogramming)

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Abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into multiple types of cells belonging to all three germ layers. Although ES cells are clonally established, they display heterogeneous responses upon the induction of differentiation, resulting in a mixture of various types of differentiated cells. Our recent reports have shown that Hes1 regulates the fate choice of ES cells by repressing Notch signaling, and that the oscillatory expression of Hes1 contributes to various differentiation responses in ES cells. Here we discuss the mechanism regulating the intracellular dynamics in ES cells and how to trigger the lineage choice from pluripotent ES cells.

Keywords: ES cell; heterogeneity; differentiation; Hes1; oscillation

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