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Cancers 2011, 3(3), 3242-3278; doi:10.3390/cancers3033242
Review
Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Glioma
Mitsutoshi Nakada 1,*
, Daisuke Kita 1 , Takuya Watanabe 1 , Yutaka Hayashi 1 , Lei Teng 1,2 , Ilya V. Pyko 1 and Jun-Ichiro Hamada 1
, Daisuke Kita 1 , Takuya Watanabe 1 , Yutaka Hayashi 1 , Lei Teng 1,2 , Ilya V. Pyko 1 and Jun-Ichiro Hamada 1
1
Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
2
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150001, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 12 July 2011; in revised form: 1 August 2011 / Accepted: 3 August 2011 / Published: 10 August 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Signaling Pathways and Crosstalk)
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Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a WHO grade IV malignant glioma, is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults; few treatments are available. Median survival rates range from 12–15 months. The biological characteristics of this tumor are exemplified by prominent proliferation, active invasiveness, and rich angiogenesis. This is mainly due to highly deregulated signaling pathways in the tumor. Studies of these signaling pathways have greatly increased our understanding of the biology and clinical behavior of GBM. An integrated view of signal transduction will provide a more useful approach in designing novel therapies for this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of GBM signaling pathways with a focus on potential molecular targets for anti-signaling molecular therapies.
Keywords: glioblastoma; signaling; proliferation; invasion; angiogenesis; molecular target
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MDPI and ACS Style
Nakada, M.; Kita, D.; Watanabe, T.; Hayashi, Y.; Teng, L.; Pyko, I.V.; Hamada, J.-I. Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Glioma. Cancers 2011, 3, 3242-3278.
AMA StyleNakada M, Kita D, Watanabe T, Hayashi Y, Teng L, Pyko IV, Hamada J-I. Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Glioma. Cancers. 2011; 3(3):3242-3278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakada, Mitsutoshi; Kita, Daisuke; Watanabe, Takuya; Hayashi, Yutaka; Teng, Lei; Pyko, Ilya V.; Hamada, Jun-Ichiro. 2011. "Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Glioma." Cancers 3, no. 3: 3242-3278.