Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General Considerations Concerning Aflatoxin Biosynthesis
2.1. Gene Clusters and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis
2.2. Problems in Gene Characterization
Non-leaky mutations | Leaky mutations | Stable metabolites | Derailment products |
---|---|---|---|
aflR | hypB | Norsolorinic acid (NA) | Averufanin |
aflJ | hypC | Averantin (AVN) | Averythrin |
avnA | hypD | Hydroxyaverantin (HAVN) | Nidurufin |
avfA? | hypE | Oxoaverantin (OAVN) | 6-Deoxyversicolorin A |
estA | nor-1 | Averufin (AVF) | Versicolorone |
pksA | norA | Hydroxyversicolorone (HVN) | Versicolorol |
hexA/hexB | norB | Versicolorin hemiacetal acetate (VHA) | Versiconol |
cypA | ordB | Versiconal hemiacetal (VAL) | Versiconal |
cypX | nadA | Versicolorin B (VERB) | versiconol acetate |
moxY | vbs | Versicolorin A (VERA) | Sterigmatin |
ver-1 | Demethylsterigmatocystin (DMST) | Aflatoxicol | |
verA | DihydroDMST (DHDMST) | Deoxyaflatoxin | |
verB | Sterigmatocystin (ST) | ||
omtA | DihydroST (DHDMST) | ||
omtB | O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) | ||
ordA | DihydroOMST (DHOMST) | ||
aflY | 11-HydroxyOMST (HOMST) | ||
11-HydroxyDHOMST (DHHOMST) | |||
Aflatoxin B1, B2 | |||
Aflatoxin G1, G2 |
3. Formation of Norsolorinic Acid (NA), the First Stable Metabolite in AF Biosynthesis
4. Assignment of a Role for AvfA in Averufin Oxidation
5. The Last Steps in AF Formation
6. Possible Involvement of HypD in AF Accumulation and Fungal Development
7. New Insights into the Involvement of AflJ in AF Biosynthesis Regulation
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Ehrlich, K.C. Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. Toxins 2009, 1, 37-58. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010037
Ehrlich KC. Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. Toxins. 2009; 1(1):37-58. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleEhrlich, Kenneth C. 2009. "Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis" Toxins 1, no. 1: 37-58. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010037