Association between Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Adiposity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Studies
3.2. Quantitative Meta-Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AUC | area under the curve |
BF | body fat |
%BF | body fat percentage |
BMI | body mass index |
DEXA | dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
FMI | fat mass index |
NHANES | national health and nutrition examination survey |
r | correlation coefficient |
R2 | coefficient of determination |
WtHr | waist to height ratio |
WC | waist circumference |
95% CI | 95% confidence interval |
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Authors (Year) | Design | Simple Characteristics | Age (Years) | Mean %BF (SD) | Fat Mass Assessment | BMI or WtHr | Results * | Other Findings | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 (95%CI) | Beta Coefficient | AUC | ||||||||
Barreira, T.V., et al. (2014) [27] | Cross-sectional | N = 382; 180 boys (84 African Americans (AA) & 96 Whites) and 202 girls (118 AA & 84 Whites). | 5–18 | Boys: Whites: 24.0 (9.1) AA: 24.0 (10.0) Girls: Whites: 31.1 (8.4) AA: 31.8 (9.6) | Total fat mass (kg) | BMI | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | Significant linear relationship | No significant interaction with race or sex. | |
WtHr | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | Significant linear relationship | Significant interaction race and sex. | |||||||
Brambilla, P., et al. (2013) [28] | Cross-sectional (US-NHANES 2003–2004) | N= 2339; 1221 boys (326 Whites, 453 Blacks, 373 Mexicans, 69 other races) & 1118 girls (321 Whites, 387 Blacks, 348 Mexicans, 62 other races). | 8–18 | Whites: 29.0 (7.7) Blacks: 26.0 (8.3) Mexicans: 29.8 (7.7) Others: 28.3 (7.8) | %BF | BMI | 0.32 (0.29–0.35) (unadjusted) 0.68 (age & sex) 0.70 (age, sex & race) | Found no practical advantage to add the ethnic group as further predictor in the model. | ||
WtHr | 0.64 (0.62–0.66) (unadjusted) 0.80 (age & sex) 0.80 (age, sex & race) | |||||||||
Karlsson, A.-K., et al. (2013) [25] | Cross-sectional | N = 100; 55 boys and 45 girls, moderately preterm at birth. | 4.9–5.2 | Boys: 17 (6) Girls: 21 (6) | Total fat mass (kg) | BMI | 0.76 (0.66–0.83) | |||
WtHr | 0.55 (0.41–0.67) | |||||||||
De Miguel-Etayo, P., et al. (2015) [26] | Longitudinal (EVASYON treatment program) [30] | N = 83; 43 boys and 40 girls, overweight or obese [32] | 13–16 | Boys: 33.3 (31.5–35.1) Girls: 39.9 (37.9–41.9) | Changes in FMI. | Changes in BMI | Boys: 0.77 (0.61–0.87) Girls: 0.90 (0.82–0.95) | Boys: 0.68, Girls: 0.66 (unadjusted) Boys: 0.68, Girls: 0.66 (age) Boys: 0.68, Girls: 0.65 (age and Tanner) | ||
Changes in WtHr | Boys: 0.50 (0.27–0.70) Girls: 0.49 (0.24–0.69) | Boys: 33.91, Girls: 19.04 (crude model) Boys: 33.57, Girls: 18.37 (age) Boys: 33.61, Girls: 18.53 (age and Tanner) | ||||||||
Tuan, N.T., et al. (2014) [29] | Cross-sectional (US-NHANES 2001–2004) | N= 5355; 2792 boys (796 Whites, 962 Blacks, 818 Mexicans, 216 other races) & 2563 girls (742 Whites, 809 Blacks, 809 Mexicans, 203 other races). | 8–19 | Boys: Whites: 25.7 (0.5) Blacks: 22.8 (0.2) Mexican: 27.3 (0.3) Girls: Whites: 32.5 (0.4) Blacks: 31.5 (0.3) Mexican: 33.7 (0.3) | z-score of the %BF Obesity was defined as %BF by DEXA > 75th age & sex specific percentile (26%–33% in boys & 36%–38% in girls) [31]. | z-score of the BMI | Boys: 0.62 (0.60–0.64) Girls: 0.67 (0.65-0.69) | Boys: 0.79 Girls: 0.82 (z-BMI) (all races) | Boys: 0.91 Girls: 0.90 (all races) | Kappa + Boys: 0.59 Girls: 0.60 (all races) Sex and ethnicity-race variations. |
z-score of the WtHr | Boys: 0.73 (0.71–0.75) Girls: 0.70 (0.68–0.72) | Boys: 0.86 Girls: 0.84 (z-WtHr) (all races) | Boys: 0.97 Girls: 0.94 (all races) | Kappa + Boys: 0.71 Girls: 0.64 (all races) Sex and ethnicity-race variations. |
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Martin-Calvo, N.; Moreno-Galarraga, L.; Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. Association between Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Adiposity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016, 8, 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080512
Martin-Calvo N, Moreno-Galarraga L, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Association between Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Adiposity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2016; 8(8):512. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080512
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin-Calvo, Nerea, Laura Moreno-Galarraga, and Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez. 2016. "Association between Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Adiposity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 8, no. 8: 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080512