Viruses 2013, 5(1), 241-278; doi:10.3390/v5010241
Review

Arenavirus Variations Due to Host-Specific Adaptation

Juan C. Zapataemail and Maria S. Salvato* email
Institute of Human Virology-School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 12 December 2012; in revised form: 11 January 2013 / Accepted: 14 January 2013 / Published: 17 January 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arenaviruses)
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Abstract: Arenavirus particles are enveloped and contain two single-strand RNA genomic segments with ambisense coding. Genetic plasticity of the arenaviruses comes from transcription errors, segment reassortment, and permissive genomic packaging, and results in their remarkable ability, as a group, to infect a wide variety of hosts. In this review, we discuss some in vitro studies of virus genetic and phenotypic variation after exposure to selective pressures such as high viral dose, mutagens and antivirals. Additionally, we discuss the variation in vivo of selected isolates of Old World arenaviruses, particularly after infection of different animal species. We also discuss the recent emergence of new arenaviruses in the context of our observations of sequence variations that appear to be host-specific.
Keywords: arenavirus; LCMV-Clone13; LCMV-Armstrong; Mopeia/Lassa reassortant ML29; mutation; viral population; co-evolution

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Zapata, J.C.; Salvato, M.S. Arenavirus Variations Due to Host-Specific Adaptation. Viruses 2013, 5, 241-278.

AMA Style

Zapata JC, Salvato MS. Arenavirus Variations Due to Host-Specific Adaptation. Viruses. 2013; 5(1):241-278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zapata, Juan C.; Salvato, Maria S. 2013. "Arenavirus Variations Due to Host-Specific Adaptation." Viruses 5, no. 1: 241-278.

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