Genetic Variations in the Promoter of the APE1 Gene Are Associated with DMF-Induced Abnormal Liver Function: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Liver Function Assessment and Measurements of the Environmental DMF Concentrations
2.3. Genotyping of hOGG1, XRCC1 and APE1 Polymorphisms
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subjects’ Characteristics
3.2. Associations of the hOGG1, XRCC1 and APE1 Polymorphisms with the Susceptibility to Abnormal Liver Function
3.3. Stratification Analyses between the APE1 rs1760944 Polymorphism and the Risk of Abnormal Liver Function
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Controls (n = 123) | Cases (n = 123) | p a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||
Age (years) | 42.1 ± 7.7 | 41.3 ± 8.0 | 0.410 b | |||
<35 | 23 | 18.7 | 23 | 18.7 | 0.606 | |
35–45 | 54 | 43.9 | 61 | 49.6 | ||
>45 | 46 | 37.4 | 39 | 31.7 | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 115 | 93.5 | 59 | 48.0 | <0.001 | |
Female | 8 | 6.5 | 64 | 52.0 | ||
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 82 | 66.7 | 92 | 74.8 | 0.161 | |
Ever | 41 | 33.3 | 31 | 25.2 | ||
Drinking status | ||||||
Never | 104 | 84.6 | 106 | 86.2 | 0.718 | |
Ever | 19 | 15.4 | 17 | 13.8 | ||
Exposure concentration (mg/m3) | 10.4 ± 5.7 | 9.3 ± 5.3 | 0.118 b | |||
<10 | 56 | 45.5 | 69 | 56.1 | 0.097 | |
≥10 | 67 | 54.5 | 54 | 43.9 | ||
Exposure time (years) | 11.8 ± 8.3 | 12.7 ± 7.8 | 0.384 b | |||
<10 | 56 | 45.5 | 43 | 35.0 | 0.091 | |
≥10 | 67 | 54.5 | 80 | 65.0 | ||
ALT (U/L) | 13 (11, 13) | 49 (44, 55) | <0.001 c |
Genotypes | Controls (n = 123) | Cases (n = 123) | Adjusted a OR (95% CI) | p b |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
hOGG1 rs159153 | 0.772 | |||
CC | 5 (4.1) | 7 (5.7) | 1.00 | |
CT | 19 (15.5) | 21 (17.1) | 0.64 (0.14–3.03) | 0.722 |
TT | 99 (80.4) | 95 (77.2) | 0.48 (0.13–1.88) | 0.529 |
CT + TT | 118 (95.9) | 116 (94.3) | 0.51 (0.13–1.94) | 0.554 |
XRCC1 rs 25487 | 0.077 | |||
GG | 62 (50.4) | 71 (57.7) | 1.00 | |
GA | 42 (34.2) | 44 (35.8) | 1.11 (0.58–2.13) | 0.747 |
AA | 19 (15.4) | 8 (6.5) | 0.48 (0.18–1.29) | 0.024 |
GA + AA | 61 (49.6) | 52 (42.3) | 0.91 (0.50–1.65) | 0.250 |
Rs 1799782 | 0.585 | |||
CC | 60 (48.8) | 54 (43.9) | ||
CT | 48 (39.0) | 56 (45.5) | 1.18 (0.62–2.28) | 0.339 |
TT | 15 (12.2) | 13 (10.6) | 1.03 (1.39–2.71) | 0.929 |
CT + TT | 63 (51.2) | 69 (56.1) | 1.14 (0.23–2.08) | 0.443 |
Rs 25489 | 0.250 | |||
CC | 96 (78.1) | 98 (79.7) | ||
CT | 22 (17.8) | 24 (19.5) | 1.37 (0.64–2.92) | 0.840 |
TT | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | 0.53 (0.06–4.76) | 0.102 |
CT + TT | 27 (21.9) | 25 (20.3) | 1.22 (0.59–2.50) | 0.755 |
APE1 rs1760944 | 0.029 | |||
TT | 35 (28.5) | 52 (42.3) | ||
TG | 54 (43.9) | 51 (41.5) | 0.57 (0.29–1.14) | 0.121 |
GG | 34 (27.6) | 20 (16.3) | 0.34 (0.14–0.82) | 0.009 |
TG + GG | 88 (71.5) | 71 (57.8) | 0.46 (0.25–0.87) | 0.023 |
Variables | Controls | Cases | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | p b | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TG/GG (88) | TT (35) | TG/GG (71) | TT (52) | ||||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Exposure time (years) | |||||||
<10 | 39 (39.4) | 17 (17.2) | 19 (19.2) | 24 (24.2) | 0.35 (0.15–0.79) | 0.27 (0.10–0.74) | 0.011 |
≥10 | 49 (33.3) | 18 (12.2) | 52 (35.4) | 28 (19.1) | 0.68 (0.34–1.39) | 0.72 (0.30–1.69) | 0.290 |
Exposure concentration (mg/m3) | |||||||
<10 | 40 (32.0) | 16 (12.8) | 41 (32.8) | 28 (22.4) | 0.59 (0.28–1.24) | 0.65 (0.25–1.66) | 0.162 |
≥10 | 48 (39.7) | 19 (15.7) | 30 (24.8) | 24 (19.8) | 0.50 (0.23–1.05) | 0.35 (0.14–0.85) | 0.066 |
Smoking status | |||||||
Never | 58 (33.3) | 24 (13.8) | 52 (22.9) | 40 (23.0) | 0.54 (0.29–1.01) | 0.42 (0.18–0.95) | 0.052 |
Ever | 30 (41.7) | 11 (15.3) | 19 (26.4) | 12 (16.6) | 0.58 (0.21–1.58) | 0.64 (0.22–1.86) | 0.284 |
Drinking status | |||||||
Never | 73 (34.8) | 31 (14.8) | 57 (27.1) | 49 (23.3) | 0.49 (0.28–0.87) | 0.38 (0.19–0.76) | 0.014 |
Ever | 15 (41.7) | 4 (11.1) | 14 (38.9) | 3 (8.3) | 1.24 (0.24–6.58) | 1.64 (0.28–9.57) | 0.797 |
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Tong, Z.; Shen, H.; Yang, D.; Zhang, F.; Bai, Y.; Li, Q.; Shi, J.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, B. Genetic Variations in the Promoter of the APE1 Gene Are Associated with DMF-Induced Abnormal Liver Function: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080752
Tong Z, Shen H, Yang D, Zhang F, Bai Y, Li Q, Shi J, Zhang H, Zhu B. Genetic Variations in the Promoter of the APE1 Gene Are Associated with DMF-Induced Abnormal Liver Function: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(8):752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080752
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Zhimin, Huanxi Shen, Dandan Yang, Feng Zhang, Ying Bai, Qian Li, Jian Shi, Hengdong Zhang, and Baoli Zhu. 2016. "Genetic Variations in the Promoter of the APE1 Gene Are Associated with DMF-Induced Abnormal Liver Function: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 8: 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080752