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Sensors 2007, 7(7), 1108-1122; doi:10.3390/s7071108

Article

Monitoring of ULF (Ultra-Low-Frequency) Geomagnetic Variations Associated with Earthquakes

Masashi Hayakawa ^1,* , Katsumi Hattori ²  and Kenji Ohta ³

¹ Department of Electronic Engineering and Research Station on Seismo Electromagnetics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan ² Faculty of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522, Japan ³ Department of Electronics, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 14 June 2007 / Accepted: 26 June 2007 / Published: 4 July 2007

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Disaster and Emergency Management Decision Making)

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Abstract: ULF (ultra-low-frequency) electromagnetic emission is recently recognized as one of the most promising candidates for short-term earthquake prediction. This paper reviews previous convincing evidence on the presence of ULF emissions before a few large earthquakes. Then, we present our network of ULF monitoring in the Tokyo area by describing our ULF magnetic sensors and we finally present a few, latest results on seismogenic electromagnetic emissions for recent large earthquakes with the use of sophisticated signal processings.

Keywords: Seismogenic ULF emissions; earthquake prediction; magnetic sensors; signal processing

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