Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Four Lignans from Fructus Schisandrae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Predicted Model and Statistical Analysis
Run | Coded and Uncoded Variables Levels | Yield of Lignans (mg/g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1/ethanol (%) | X2/time (min) | X3/temperature (°C) | Actual Values | Predicted Values | |
1 | −1 (50) | −1 (5) | 0 (130) | 9.96 ± 0.32 | 9.94 |
2 | 1 (100) | −1 (5) | 0 (130) | 11.34 ± 0.25 | 11.15 |
3 | −1 (50) | 1 (12) | 0 (130) | 12.65 ± 0.34 | 12.85 |
4 | 1 (100) | 1 (12) | 0 (130) | 13.99 ± 0.45 | 14.01 |
5 | −1 (50) | 0 (8.5) | −1 (80) | 11.80 ± 0.26 | 11.69 |
6 | 1 (100) | 0 (8.5) | −1 (80) | 12.77 ± 0.23 | 12.83 |
7 | −1 (50) | 0 (8.5) | 1 (180) | 12.88 ± 0.33 | 12.81 |
8 | 1 (100) | 0 (8.5) | 1 (180) | 13.91 ± 0.29 | 14.03 |
9 | 0 (75) | −1 (5) | −1 (80) | 9.90 ± 0.22 | 10.03 |
10 | 0 (75) | 1 (12) | −1 (80) | 12.99 ± 0.21 | 12.91 |
11 | 0 (75) | −1 (5) | 1 (180) | 11.10 ± 0.22 | 11.19 |
12 | 0 (75) | 1 (12) | 1 (180) | 14.21 ± 0.31 | 14.08 |
13 | 0 (75) | 0 (8.5) | 0 (130) | 14.12 ± 0.28 | 14.00 |
14 | 0 (75) | 0 (8.5) | 0 (130) | 13.89 ± 0.23 | 14.00 |
15 | 0 (75) | 0 (8.5) | 0 (130) | 13.99 ± 0.27 | 14.00 |
Source | SS | DF | MS | F-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 34.27 | 9 | 3.81 | 125.80 | <0.0001 | significant |
Residual | 0.21 | 7 | 0.030 | |||
Lack of fit | 0.16 | 3 | 0.054 | 4.38 | 0.0938 | insignificant |
Experimental error | 0.049 | 4 | 0.012 |
Variables | DF | SS | MS | F-values | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | 2.79 | 2.79 | 92.25 | <0.0001 |
X2 | 1 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 550.04 | <0.0001 |
X3 | 1 | 2.70 | 2.70 | 89.15 | <0.0001 |
X21 | 1 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 52.41 | 0.0002 |
X22 | 1 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 273.56 | <0.0001 |
X23 | 1 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 41.97 | 0.0003 |
X1X2 | 1 | 4.41E-004 | 4.41E-004 | 0.015 | 0.9073 |
X1X3 | 1 | 1.23E-003 | 1.23E-003 | 0.040 | 0.8463 |
X2X3 | 1 | 4.90E-005 | 4.90E-005 | 1.62E-003 | 0.9690 |
2.2. Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Lignans
2.3. Selection of Extraction Cycles and Flush Volume
2.4. Verification of Predictive Model
Ethanol (%) | Extraction time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Yield of Lignans (mg/g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Optimum conditions (predicted) | 87.09 | 10.30 | 156.94 | 14.67 |
Modified conditions (actual) | 87.00 | 10.00 | 160.00 | 14.72 ± 0.77 |
2.5. Comparison with Conventional Extractions
3. Experimental
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Chemicals and Reagents
3.3. Accelerated Solvent Extraction
3.4. Conventional Extraction
3.5. HPLC Analysis of Four Lignans
3.6. Experimental Design and Statistical Analyses
4. Conclusions
- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.
References and Notes
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Zhao, L.-C.; He, Y.; Deng, X.; Yang, G.-L.; Li, W.; Liang, J.; Tang, Q.-L. Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Four Lignans from Fructus Schisandrae. Molecules 2012, 17, 3618-3629. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17043618
Zhao L-C, He Y, Deng X, Yang G-L, Li W, Liang J, Tang Q-L. Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Four Lignans from Fructus Schisandrae. Molecules. 2012; 17(4):3618-3629. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17043618
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Li-Chun, Ying He, Xin Deng, Geng-Liang Yang, Wei Li, Jian Liang, and Qian-Li Tang. 2012. "Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Four Lignans from Fructus Schisandrae" Molecules 17, no. 4: 3618-3629. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17043618