Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content of Some Fruit Juices and Wine by Voltammetry Performed at Pt and Carbon Paste Electrodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Voltammetric studies performed at a Pt working electrode
2.2. Voltammetric studies performed at a carbon paste working electrode
2.3. Interference study
Interferent | Interferent/analyte molar ratio | Influence on the analytical peak height |
---|---|---|
Glucose | 150 | less than 3% |
200 | 4.8% decrease | |
Citric acid | 25 | less than 3% |
50 | 3.9% decrease | |
100 | 5.2% decrease | |
150 | 6.4% decrease | |
200 | 7.9% decrease | |
Tartaric acid | 50 | less than 3% |
100 | 5.3% increase | |
150 | 6.1% increase | |
200 | 9.5% increase | |
Benzoate anion | 100 | less than 3% |
150 | 4.7 % decrease | |
200 | 6.9 % decrease |
Interferent | Interferent/analyte molar ratio | Influence on the analytical peak height |
---|---|---|
Glucose | 200 | less than 3% |
Citric acid | 50 | less than 3% |
100 | 3.6 % decrease | |
150 | 4.2 % decrease | |
200 | 5.8 % decrease | |
Tartaric acid | 50 | less than 3% |
100 | 3.8 % increase | |
150 | 5.5 % increase | |
200 | 6.7% increase | |
Benzoate anion | 100 | less than 3% |
150 | 5.7 % decrease | |
200 | 8.1% decrease |
2.4. Real sample analysis
Analysed product (producer) | Ascorbic acid concentration-cyclic voltammetry (mg/100 mL juice) | Ascorbic acid concentration -cyclic voltammetry- after addition (35.2 mg AA added to 100 mL juice) | Degree of recovery (%) | Ascorbic acid concentration- differential pulse voltammetry (mg/100 mL juice) | Ascorbic acid concentration -differential pulse voltammetry- after addition (35.2 mg AA added to 100 mL juice) | Degree of recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orange juice (fruit pressing) | 39.25 | 72.25 | 97.86 | 41.24 | 76.06 | 103.24 |
Grapefruit juice (fruit pressing) | 35.23 | 70.43 | 103.99 | 39.82 | 74.54 | 102.87 |
Lemon juice (fruit pressing) | 50.82 | 85.96 | 104.72 | 52.15 | 85.19 | 98.72 |
Fanta Madness (Coca Cola HBC Romania) | 7.26 | 42.80 | 103.42 | 6.83 | 42.27 | 103.10 |
Prigat active grapefruit (Quadrant Amroq Beverages) | 12.46 | 47.18 | 101.33 | 11.79 | 44.51 | 95.48 |
Prigat active sour cherry (Quadrant Amroq Beverages) | 11.91 | 48.15 | 105.68 | 12.38 | 46.99 | 101.01 |
Prigat kiwi (Quadrant Amroq Beverages) | 14.14 | 47.16 | 96.49 | 13.93 | 48.76 | 101.73 |
Frutia tomato (European Drinks) | 18.92 | 54.52 | 104.23 | 19.41 | 51.72 | 94.73 |
Wine (Recas vineyard) | 15.86 | 48.42 | 95.25 | 15.66 | 51.49 | 104.72 |
Analysed product | Ascorbic acid concentration -cyclic voltammetry (mg/100 mL juice) | Ascorbic acid concentration -cyclic voltammetry- after addition (35.2 mg AA added to 100 mL juice) | Degree of recovery (%) | Ascorbic acid concentration -differential pulse voltammetry (mg/100 mL juice) | Ascorbic acid concentration- differential pulse voltammetry- after addition (35.2 mg AA added to 100 mL juice) | Degree of recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orange juice | 39.40 | 72.52 | 98.23 | 40.68 | 75.64 | 103.62 |
Grapefruit juice | 37.71 | 72.22 | 102.14 | 39.05 | 74.50 | 104.96 |
Lemon juice | 52.94 | 87.07 | 101.91 | 54.74 | 87.15 | 97.04 |
Fanta madness | 7.19 | 40.77 | 97.71 | 7.08 | 42.58 | 103.27 |
Prigat grapefruit | 12.81 | 48.48 | 104.11 | 12.27 | 45.30 | 96.41 |
Prigat sour cherry | 12.99 | 45.47 | 94.87 | 12.16 | 44.75 | 95.13 |
Prigat kiwi | 15.48 | 50.73 | 103.04 | 15.17 | 49.90 | 101.51 |
Frutia tomato | 18.63 | 52.45 | 99.07 | 19.24 | 54.27 | 102.61 |
Wine (Recas vineyard) | 15.07 | 48.71 | 98.35 | 16.22 | 49.63 | 97.74 |
2.5. Application of the standard addition method at ascorbic acid determination by differential pulse voltammetry performed at a carbon paste electrode
3. Experimental
3.1. Reagents and instrumentation
3.2. Working procedure
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
- Erdurak-Kiliç, C.S.; Uslu, B.; Dogan, B.; Ozgen, U.; Ozkan, S.A.; Coskun, M. Anodic voltammetric behavior of ascorbic acid and its selective determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and some Rosa species of Turkey. J. Anal. Chem. 2006, 61, 1113–1120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Popa, C.V.; Danet, A.F.; Jipa, S.; Zaharescu, T. Determination of total antioxidant activity of wines using a flow injection method with chemiluminescence detection. Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 2010, 61, 11–16. [Google Scholar]
- Pisoschi, A.M.; Cheregi, M.C.; Danet, A.F. Total antioxidant capacity of some commercial fruit juices: electrochemical and spectrophotometrical approaches. Molecules 2009, 14, 480–493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Papuc, C.; Pop, A.; Serban, M. Metode Analitice in Biochimia Veterinara; Editura Printech, Bucharest, Romania, 2001; pp. 167–169. [Google Scholar]
- Balan, D.; Pele, M.; Artimon, M.; Luta, G. Bioactive compounds in sea buckthorn fruits and in some products obtained by their processing. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Bot. 2005, 28, 364–368. [Google Scholar]
- Matei, N.; Magearu, V.; Birghila, S.; Dobrinas, S. The determination of vitamin C from sweet cherries and cherries. Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 2004, 55, 294–296. [Google Scholar]
- Iwase, H. Use of nucleic acids in the mobile phase for the determination of ascorbic acid in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr.A 2000, 881, 327–330. [Google Scholar]
- Borowski, J.; Szajdek, A.; Borowska, E.J.; Ciska, E.; Zielinski, H. Content of selected bioactive components and antioxidant properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2008, 226, 459–465. [Google Scholar]
- Arya, S.P.; Mahajan, M.; Jain, P. Non-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of vitamin C. Anal. Chim. Acta 2000, 417, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vermeir, S.; Hertog, M.L.A.T.M.; Schenk, A.; Beullens, K.; Nicolai, B.M.; Lammertyn, J. Evaluation and optimization of high-throughput enzymatic assays for fast l-ascorbic acid quantification in fruit and vegetables. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 618, 94–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dechakiatkrai, C.; Chen, J.; Lynam, C.; Shin, K.M.; Kim, S.J.; Phanichphant, S.; Wallace, G.G. Direct Ascorbic Acid Detection with Ferritin Immobilized on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2008, 11, 4–6. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Z.; Xu, Q.; Wang, J.H.; Yang, Q.; Yu, J.H.; Zhao, Y.D. Ascorbic acid biosensor based on laccase immobilized on an electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer and coated with functionalized quantum dots. Microchim. Acta 2009, 165, 387–392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Watanabe, H.; Uchiyama, S. Amperometric l-ascorbic acid biosensors equipped with enzyme micelle membrane. Talanta 2008, 74, 1681–1685. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pisoschi, A.M.; Negulescu, Gh.P.; Pisoschi, A. Ascorbic acid determination by an amperometric ascorbate oxidase-based biosensor. Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 2010, 61, 339–344. [Google Scholar]
- Wawrzyniak, J.; Ryniecki, A.; Zembrzuski, W. Application of voltammetry to determine vitamin C in apple juices. Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment. 2005, 42, 5–16. [Google Scholar]
- Nezamzadeh, A.; Amini, M.K.; Faghihian, H. Square-wave voltametric determination of ascorbic acid based on its electrocatalytic oxidation at zeolite-modified carbon-paste electrodes. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2007, 2, 583–594. [Google Scholar]
- Raoof, J.B.; Ojani, R.; Beitollahi, H. Electrocatalytic determination af ascorbic acid at chemically modified carbon paste electrode with 2,7 bis(ferrocenyl ethynyl) fluoren-9-one. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2007, 2, 534–548. [Google Scholar]
- Pisoschi, A.M.; Danet, A.F.; Kalinowski, S. Ascorbic acid determination in commercial fruit juice samples by cyclic voltammetry. J. Autom. Method. Manag. 2008, 2008. Article ID 937651, 8 pages. Available online: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jammc.
- Chen, Z.; Zu, Y. Simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid and uric acid using a fluorosurfactant-modified platinum electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2007, 603, 281–286. [Google Scholar]
- Francioso, L.; Bjorklund, R.; Krantz-Rulcker, T.; Siciliano, P. Classification of multiple defect concentrations in white wine by platinum microelectrode voltammetry. Sensor. Actuator. B-Chem. 2007, 125, 462–467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ensafi, A.A.; Taei, M.; Khayamian, T. A differential pulse voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid using poly(3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylazo)-4,5-dihydroxynaphtalene-2,7-disulphonic acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2009, 633, 212–220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bello, A.; Giannetto, M.; Mori, G.; Seeber, R.; Terzi, F.; Zanardi, C. Optimization of the DPV potential wave-form for determination of ascorbic acid on PEDOT-modified electrodes. Sensor. Actuator. B-Chem. 2007, 121, 430–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barthus, R.C.; Mazo, L.H.; Poppi, R.J. Simultaneous determination of vitamins C, B6 and PP in pharmaceutics using differential pulse voltammetry with a glassy carbon electrode and multivariate calibration tools. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2005, 38, 94–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blasco, A.J.; Gonzalez, M.C.; Escarpa, A. Electrochemical approach for discriminating and measuring predominant flavonoids and phenolic acids using differential pulse voltammetry: towards an electrochemical index of natural antioxidants. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 511, 71–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bahram, M.; Fahradi, K.; Arjmand, F. Voltammetric determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic and uric acids using partial least squares regression: determination of dopamine in human urine and plasma. Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 2009, 7, 524–531. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, B.; Jiao, S.; Li, M.; Tao, H. Simultaneous determination of uric acid and ascorbic acid at a ferrocenium-thioglycollate modified electrode. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 386, 2117–2122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hassan, E.M.; Khamis, E.F.; El-Kimary, E.I.; Barary, M. Development of a differential pulse voltammetric method for the determination of Silymarin/Vitamin E acetate mixture in pharmaceuticals. Talanta 2008, 74, 773–778. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Motahary, M.; Ghoreishi, S.M.; Behpour, M.; Golestaneh, M. Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid at the surface of a graphite electrode modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2010, 40, 841–847. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beitollahi, H.; Ardakani, M.M.; Naeimi, H.; Ganjipour, B. Electrochemical characterization of 2,2’-[1,2-ethanediylbis(nitriloethylidine)]-bis-hydroquinone-carbon nanotube paste electrode and its application to simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic and uric acid. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2009, 13, 353–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ensafi, A.A.; Taei, M.; Khayamian, T.; Arabzadeh, A. Highly selective determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid by differential pulse voltammetry using poly(sulfonazo III) modified glassy carbon electrod. Sensor. Actuator. B-Chem. 2010, 147, 213–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.; Xu, X.; Gao, J. Voltammetric studies of a novel bicopper complex modified glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2007, 37, 705–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, G.H.; Li, M.F.; Li, M.L. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of dopamine with the coexistence of ascorbic acid on boron-doped diamond surface. Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 2007, 5, 1114–1123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raoof, J.B.; Kiani, A.; Ojani, R.; Valiollahi, R.; Rashid-Nadimi, S. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid and dopamine at the surface of electrodes modified with self-assembled gold nanoparticle films. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2010, 14, 1171–1176. [Google Scholar]
- Yilmaz, S.; Sadikoglu, M.; Saglikoglu, G.; Yagmur, S.; Askin, G. Determination of ascorbic acid in tablet dosage forms and some fruit juices by DPV. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2008, 3, 1534–1542. [Google Scholar]
- Cofan, C.; Radovan, C.; Cinghita, D. Simultaneous anodic assessment of ascorbic acid and acetaminophen in unbuffered solutions. Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 2009, 60, 368–372. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, L.; Lin, X. Covalent modification of glassy carbon electrodes with glycine for voltammetric separation of dopamine and ascorbic acid. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 2001, 370, 956–962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gazdik, Z.; Zitka, O.; Petrlova, J.; Adam, V.; Zehnalek, J.; Horna, A.; Reznicek, V.; Beklova, M.; Kizek, R. Determination of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrochemical Detection. Sensors 2008, 8, 7097–7112. [Google Scholar]
- Okiei, W.; Ogunlesi, M.; Azeez, L.; Obakachi, V.; Osunsanmi, M.; Nkenchor, G. The Voltammetric and Titrimetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid Levels in Tropical Fruit Samples. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2009, 4, 276–287. [Google Scholar]
- Melo, E.A.; Lima, V.L.; Maciel, M.I.S.; Caetano, A.C.; Leal, F.L. Polyphenol, Ascorbic Acid and Total Carotenoid Contents in Common Fruits and Vegetables. Braz. J. Food Technol. 2006, 9, 89–94. [Google Scholar]
- Sample Availability: Samples of the analysed products for ascorbic acid are available from the authors.
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Pisoschi, A.M.; Pop, A.; Negulescu, G.P.; Pisoschi, A. Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content of Some Fruit Juices and Wine by Voltammetry Performed at Pt and Carbon Paste Electrodes. Molecules 2011, 16, 1349-1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021349
Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Negulescu GP, Pisoschi A. Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content of Some Fruit Juices and Wine by Voltammetry Performed at Pt and Carbon Paste Electrodes. Molecules. 2011; 16(2):1349-1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021349
Chicago/Turabian StylePisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena, Aneta Pop, Gheorghe Petre Negulescu, and Aurel Pisoschi. 2011. "Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content of Some Fruit Juices and Wine by Voltammetry Performed at Pt and Carbon Paste Electrodes" Molecules 16, no. 2: 1349-1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021349