Molecules 2011, 16(11), 9728-9738; doi:10.3390/molecules16119728
Article

A Curcumin Derivative, 2,6-Bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BDMC33) Attenuates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis via Selective Suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in IFN-g/LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

Ka-Heng Lee 1 email, Faridah Abas 2,3 email, Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen 4 email, Khozirah Shaari 2,5 email, Nordin Haji Lajis 2,4 email and Syahida Ahmad 1,2,* email
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 26 September 2011; in revised form: 27 October 2011 / Accepted: 28 October 2011 / Published: 23 November 2011
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinal Chemistry)
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Abstract: Our preliminary screening had shown that the curcumin derivative [2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone] or BDMC33 exhibited improved anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophage cells. In this study, we further investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of BDMC33 on PGE2 synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in IFN-g/LPS-stimulated macrophages. We found that BDMC33 significantly inhibited PGE2 synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner albeit at a low inhibition level with an IC50 value of 47.33 ± 1.00 µM. Interestingly, the PGE2 inhibitory activity of BDMC33 is not attributed to inhibition of the COX enzyme activities, but rather BDMC33 selectively down-regulated the expression of COX-2. In addition, BDMC33 modulates the COX expression by sustaining the constitutively COX-1 expression in IFN-g/LPS-treated macrophage cells. Collectively, the experimental data suggest an immunodulatory action of BDMC33 on PGE2 synthesis and COX expression, making it a possible treatment for inflammatory disorders with minimal gastrointestinal-related side effects.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory; BDMC33; cyclooxygenase; PGE2; RAW264.7

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, K.-H.; Abas, F.; Alitheen, N.B.M.; Shaari, K.; Lajis, N.H.; Ahmad, S. A Curcumin Derivative, 2,6-Bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BDMC33) Attenuates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis via Selective Suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in IFN-g/LPS-Stimulated Macrophages. Molecules 2011, 16, 9728-9738.

AMA Style

Lee K-H, Abas F, Alitheen NBM, Shaari K, Lajis NH, Ahmad S. A Curcumin Derivative, 2,6-Bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BDMC33) Attenuates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis via Selective Suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in IFN-g/LPS-Stimulated Macrophages. Molecules. 2011; 16(11):9728-9738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Ka-Heng; Abas, Faridah; Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu Mohamed; Shaari, Khozirah; Lajis, Nordin Haji; Ahmad, Syahida. 2011. "A Curcumin Derivative, 2,6-Bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BDMC33) Attenuates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis via Selective Suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in IFN-g/LPS-Stimulated Macrophages." Molecules 16, no. 11: 9728-9738.

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