KeywordsNaV1.7; nuclear magnetic resonance; pain; rational drug design; serum stability; spider venom; botulinum toxin; neuropathic pain; neuropathic pain treatment; antimicrobial peptide (AMP); fish gastrointestinal microbiota; high throughput identification; AMP-producing bacteria; Ehrlich carcinoma; immune system; nerve growth factor; cobra venom; cobra venom factor; ketoprofen; allodynia; bee venom; chronic post-ischaemic pain; complex regional pain syndrome; resiniferatoxin; tetrodotoxin; nerve fibers; urinary bladder; immunohistochemistry; pig; AMP; bacterial secretion system; inoculum effect; mastoparan; MP-V1; protease inhibitor; Salmonella; wasp venom toxin; TRPV1; outer pore domain; spider toxin; centipede toxin; scorpion toxin; snake toxin; sea anemone; nociception; venom; pain; experimental model; svPLA2; vanillic acid; venom; scorpion; blood coagulation; adenosine; peptide; melittin; apamin; Alternaria; Aspergillus; nasal fibroblast; chemical mediator; extracellular matrix; neurotoxin; protein families; disulfide bonds; antimicrobial peptide; ion channel inhibitor; ClanTox; complete proteome; comparative proteomics; machine learning; insects; bee venom acupuncture; chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain; paclitaxel; Kv1.2 channel; scorpion toxin; molecular dynamics simulation; cholera toxin B subunit; mucosal immunity; immunomodulation; anti-inflammatory; retrograde trafficking; GM1 ganglioside; anti-cancer agents; cancer cells; invasion; migrastatic drugs; snake venom; metalloproteinases; animal toxins; thrombolysis; antithrombotics; conotoxin; cone snail; transcriptome; proteome; drug development; Bee venom; PPARγ; AMPK; MAPK; adipogenesis; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; azemiopsin; preclinical studies; toxicity; pharmacokinetics; myorelaxant; Key Contribution; Investigation of the preclinical profile of azemiopsin demonstrated its high affinity and specificity for muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as well as good muscle relaxant capacity. Toxicology studies in mice indicated that azemiopsin was well tolerated during chronic dosing and showed no immunotoxicity, allergenic or mutagenic activity, which made it a good candidate for application as a local muscle relaxant.; Phoneutria nigriventer; opioid receptor; spider toxin; antinociception; n/a
