14 pages, 1753 KiB  
Article
More Than an Antioxidant: Role of Dietary Astaxanthin on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
by Carmen Tatiana Kalinowski 1, Monica B. Betancor 2, Silvia Torrecillas 1, Matthew Sprague 2, Laurence Larroquet 3, Vincent Véron 3, Stéphane Panserat 3, María Soledad Izquierdo 1, Sadasivam J. Kaushik 1 and Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry 3,*
1 Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Research Institute in Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Conservation (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain
2 Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
3 INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010136 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3763
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout liver. Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were tested for 12 weeks in rainbow trout with an initial mean weight of 309 g. The S-ASTA diet was [...] Read more.
This study investigated the influence of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout liver. Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were tested for 12 weeks in rainbow trout with an initial mean weight of 309 g. The S-ASTA diet was supplemented with 100 mg of synthetic AX per kg of feed, whereas the control diet (CTRL) had no AX. Fish fed the S-ASTA diet displayed lower neutral and higher polar lipids in the liver, associated with smaller hepatocytes and lower cytoplasm vacuolization. Dietary AX upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl2) and 1,2-diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (chpt), and downregulated diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat2), suggesting the AX’s role in triacylglycerol (TAG) turnover and phospholipid (PL) synthesis. Dietary AX may also affect beta-oxidation with the upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1α2). Although hepatic cholesterol levels were not affected, dietary AX increased gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (srebp2). Dietary AX upregulated the expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh) and downregulated pyruvate kinase (pkl). Overall, results suggest that dietary AX modulates the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and the last step of glycolysis, affecting TAG turnover, β-oxidation, PL and cholesterol synthesis in rainbow trout liver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Benefits in Aquaculture)
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15 pages, 713 KiB  
Review
Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress, Possible Biomarkers, and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches
by Lucia Peterle 1,†, Serena Sanfilippo 2,†, Francesco Borgia 1,*, Nicola Cicero 3 and Sebastiano Gangemi 2
1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
3 Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
These authors equally contributed to this work.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010135 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8040
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological condition characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Exact etiopathogenesis of AA is still unknown although it is known that several factors contribute to the collapse of the hair-follicle (HF)-immune-privileged (IP) site. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role [...] Read more.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological condition characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Exact etiopathogenesis of AA is still unknown although it is known that several factors contribute to the collapse of the hair-follicle (HF)-immune-privileged (IP) site. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in skin diseases. The aim of this review was to clarify the role of OS in AA pathogenesis and diagnosis, and to discuss potential treatment options. Oxidative-stress markers are altered in serum and skin samples of patients with AA, confirming a general pro-oxidative status in patients with AA. OS induces MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) expression in HF keratinocytes that activates the receptor NKG2D, expressed in NK cells and CD8+ T cytotoxic cells leading to destabilization of the HF immune-privileged site through the production of IFN-γ that stimulates JAK1 and JAK2 pathways. OS also activates the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, an antioxidant system that contributes to skin homeostasis. In addition, a decrease of ATG5 and LC3B in the hair matrix and an increase in p62 levels indicates a reduction of intrafollicular autophagy during the evolution of AA. Potential biomarkers of OS in AA could be: malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and ischemic-modified albumin (IMA). JAK inhibitors are the new frontier in treatment of AA and the use of nutraceuticals that modulate the OS balance, in combination with standard treatments, represent promising therapeutic tools. Full article
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14 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
Anti-Tumor Potential of Gymnema sylvestre Saponin Rich Fraction on In Vitro Breast Cancer Cell Lines and In Vivo Tumor-Bearing Mouse Models
by Abhinav Raj Ghosh 1, Abdulrhman Alsayari 2,3, Alaa Hamed Habib 4, Shadma Wahab 2,3, Abhishek P. R. Nadig 1, Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq 5, Najat Binothman 6, Majidah Aljadani 6, Ibtesam S. Al-Dhuayan 7, Nouf K. Alaqeel 7, Mohammad Khalid 8 and Kamsagara Linganna Krishna 1,*
1 Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
3 Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia
7 Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
8 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdilaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010134 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3717
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is a perennial woody vine native to tropical Asia, China, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and Australia. GS has been used as a medicinal plant with potential anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study was conceptualized to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential [...] Read more.
Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is a perennial woody vine native to tropical Asia, China, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and Australia. GS has been used as a medicinal plant with potential anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study was conceptualized to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of Gymnema sylvestre saponin rich fraction (GSSRF) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) by SRB assay. The anti-tumor activity of GSSRF was assessed in tumor-bearing Elrich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) mouse models. The anti-oxidant potential of GSSRF was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The acute toxicity of GSSRF was carried out according to OECD guideline 425. The yield of GSSRF was around 1.4% and the presence of saponin content in GSSRF was confirmed by qualitative and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of GSSRF on breast cancer cell lines were promising and found to be dose-dependent. An acute toxicity study of GSSRF was found to be safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. GSSRF treatment has shown a significant increase in the body weight and the life span of EAC-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group. In the solid tumor model, the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight per day have shown about 46.70% and 60.80% reduction in tumor weight and controlled the tumor weight until the 30th day when compared with the control group. The activity of GSSRF in both models was similar to the cisplatin, a standard anticancer agent used in the study. Together, these results open the door for detailed investigations of anti-tumor potentials of GSSRF in specific tumor models, mechanistic studies and clinical trials leading to promising novel therapeutics for cancer therapy. Full article
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17 pages, 4782 KiB  
Article
The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses Adipogenesis and Activates Nrf2
by Yoshiki Higa 1,2, Masahiro Hiasa 1,*, Hirofumi Tenshin 1, Emiko Nakaue 1, Mariko Tanaka 1, Sooha Kim 1, Motosumi Nakagawa 1, So Shimizu 1, Kotaro Tanimoto 1, Jumpei Teramachi 3, Takeshi Harada 2, Asuka Oda 2, Masahiro Oura 2, Kimiko Sogabe 2, Tomoyo Hara 2, Ryohei Sumitani 2, Tomoko Maruhashi 2, Hiroki Yamagami 2, Itsuro Endo 4, Toshio Matsumoto 5, Eiji Tanaka 1 and Masahiro Abe 2,*add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
2 Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
3 Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
4 Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
5 Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010133 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4576
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical [...] Read more.
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical inducer of antioxidants, which is bound and repressed by a kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm. The Keap1-Nrf2 axis appears to be a major mechanism for robust inducible antioxidant defenses. Here, we demonstrate that febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, alleviates the increase in adipose tissue mass in obese mouse models with a high-fat diet or ovariectomy. Febuxostat disrupts in vitro adipocytic differentiation in adipogenic media. Adipocytes appeared at day 7 in absence or presence of febuxostat were 160.8 ± 21.2 vs. 52.5 ± 12.7 (p < 0.01) in 3T3–L1 cells, and 126.0 ± 18.7 vs. 55.3 ± 13.4 (p < 0.01) in 10T1/2 cells, respectively. Adipocyte differentiation was further enhanced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which was also suppressed by febuxostat. Interestingly, febuxostat, but not allopurinol (another xanthine oxidase inhibitor), rapidly induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and facilitated the degradation of Keap1, similar to the electrophilic Nrf2 activator omaveloxolone. These results suggest that febuxostat alleviates adipogenesis under oxidative conditions, at least in part by suppressing ROS production and Nrf2 activation. Regulation of adipocytic differentiation by febuxostat is expected to inhibit obesity due to menopause or overeating. Full article
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22 pages, 1320 KiB  
Review
Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation
by Claudia Petrarca 1,2,* and Davide Viola 1
1 Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2 Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010132 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, [...] Read more.
Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive even for healthy people. This review focuses on redox- and immunomodulating nutraceuticals in the context of diabetes mellitus (DM). In fact, DM is an illustrative disease of latent and predictable inflammatory pathogenetic processes set out and sustained by oxidative stress. DM has been thoroughly investigated through in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, human DM is characterized by uncontrolled levels of glucose, a pivotal factor shaping immune responses. Hence, antioxidant nutraceuticals with multifaced activities, including glucose keeping, are described here. A greater number of such multi-player nutraceuticals might be identified using DM animal models and validated in clinical settings on genetic and environmental high-risk individuals. Full article
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21 pages, 3427 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview of Recent Tools and Findings
by Dimitris Korovesis 1, Teresa Rubio-Tomás 1 and Nektarios Tavernarakis 1,2,*
1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
2 Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010131 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 8480
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described to induce a broad range of redox-dependent signaling reactions in physiological conditions. Nevertheless, an excessive accumulation of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which was traditionally considered as detrimental for cells and organisms, due to the oxidative [...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described to induce a broad range of redox-dependent signaling reactions in physiological conditions. Nevertheless, an excessive accumulation of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which was traditionally considered as detrimental for cells and organisms, due to the oxidative damage they cause to biomolecules. During ageing, elevated ROS levels result in the accumulation of damaged proteins, which may exhibit altered enzymatic function or physical properties (e.g., aggregation propensity). Emerging evidence also highlights the relationship between oxidative stress and age-related pathologies, such as protein misfolding-based neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD) and Huntington’s (HD) diseases). In this review we aim to introduce the role of oxidative stress in physiology and pathology and then focus on the state-of-the-art techniques available to detect and quantify ROS and oxidized proteins in live cells and in vivo, providing a guide to those aiming to characterize the role of oxidative stress in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we discuss recently published data on the role of oxidative stress in neurological disorders. Full article
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19 pages, 3962 KiB  
Article
Curcumin and N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Alone or Combined with Deferoxamine Target the Mitochondria and Protect against Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in a Co-Culture Model of Parkinson’s Disease
by Leah Mursaleen 1,2,3, Stefanie Ho Yi Chan 1,2, Brendon Noble 1, Satyanarayana Somavarapu 2,*,† and Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala 1,*,†
1 Centre for Nutraceuticals, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
3 Cure Parkinson’s Trust, 120 New Cavendish Street, Fitzrovia, London W1W 6XX, UK
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010130 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4824
Abstract
As the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most compounds from entering the brain, nanocarrier delivery systems are frequently being explored to potentially enhance the passage of drugs due to their nanometer sizes and functional characteristics. This study aims to investigate whether Pluronic® F68 [...] Read more.
As the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most compounds from entering the brain, nanocarrier delivery systems are frequently being explored to potentially enhance the passage of drugs due to their nanometer sizes and functional characteristics. This study aims to investigate whether Pluronic® F68 (P68) and dequalinium (DQA) nanocarriers can improve the ability of curcumin, n-acetylcysteine (NAC) and/or deferoxamine (DFO), to access the brain, specifically target mitochondria and protect against rotenone by evaluating their effects in a combined Transwell® hCMEC/D3 BBB and SH-SY5Y based cellular Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. P68 + DQA nanoformulations enhanced the mean passage across the BBB model of curcumin, NAC and DFO by 49%, 28% and 49%, respectively (p < 0.01, n = 6). Live cell mitochondrial staining analysis showed consistent co-location of the nanocarriers within the mitochondria. P68 + DQA nanocarriers also increased the ability of curcumin and NAC, alone or combined with DFO, to protect against rotenone induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress by up to 19% and 14% (p < 0.01, n = 6), as measured by the MTT and mitochondrial hydroxyl radical assays respectively. These results indicate that the P68 + DQA nanocarriers were successful at enhancing the protective effects of curcumin, NAC and/or DFO by increasing the brain penetrance and targeted delivery of the associated bioactives to the mitochondria in this model. This study thus emphasises the potential effectiveness of this nanocarrier strategy in fully utilising the therapeutic benefit of these antioxidants and lays the foundation for further studies in more advanced models of PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Cellular Dysfunction)
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18 pages, 1731 KiB  
Review
Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obesity
by Adebowale Samuel Oyerinde 1, Vaithinathan Selvaraju 1, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu 1,2 and Thangiah Geetha 1,2,*
1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
2 Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010129 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5337
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous health issues such as sleep disorders, asthma, hepatic dysfunction, cancer, renal dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and infertility. Previous research has shown that the distribution of excess body fat, rather than excess body weight, determines obesity-related risk factors. It [...] Read more.
Obesity is associated with numerous health issues such as sleep disorders, asthma, hepatic dysfunction, cancer, renal dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and infertility. Previous research has shown that the distribution of excess body fat, rather than excess body weight, determines obesity-related risk factors. It is widely accepted that abdominal fat is a serious risk factor for illnesses associated with obesity and the accumulation of visceral fat promotes the release of pro-oxidants, pro-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The metabolic process in the human body produces several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via urine, saliva, breath, blood, skin secretions, milk, and feces. Several studies have shown that VOCs are released by the interaction of ROS with underlying cellular components leading to increased protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. These VOCs released via oxidative stress in obese individuals may serves as a biomarker for obesity-related metabolic alterations and disease. In this review, we focus on the relationship between oxidative stress and VOCs in obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome)
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18 pages, 4573 KiB  
Article
Effects on Bioaccumulation, Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Plasma Components, and Antioxidant Responses in Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus) Exposed to Dietary Cadmium and Ascorbic Acid
by Tae-Jun Won 1,†, Young-Bin Yu 1,†, Jung-Hoon Kang 2, Jun-Hwan Kim 3 and Ju-Chan Kang 1,*
1 Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
2 Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Busan 48059, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this study.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010128 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2149
Abstract
This study evaluates the toxic effects of dietary Cd and mitigative effects of AsA supplementation by measuring the growth performance, bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses of Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Platichthys stellatus (mean weight, 69.5 ± 1.4 g; [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the toxic effects of dietary Cd and mitigative effects of AsA supplementation by measuring the growth performance, bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses of Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Platichthys stellatus (mean weight, 69.5 ± 1.4 g; mean length, 18.2 ± 0.21 cm) was fed with dietary cadmium-ascorbic acid (Cd-AsA) composed of C0A0, C0A500, C0A1000, C40A0, C40A500, C40A1000, C80A0, C80A500, and C80A1000 mg of Cd-AsA per kg diet for four weeks. Our results showed that Cd accumulation significantly increased in proportion to the Cd concentration, where the highest levels were observed in the intestine, followed by the kidney, liver, and gills. Dietary AsA significantly mitigated the Cd accumulation in all tissues, and the reduction in Cd accumulation was proportional to the increase in AsA concentration. Dietary Cd has adverse effects on growth performance (body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and hepatosomatic index) and can alter the hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), plasma components (glucose, total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase), and antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione). Dietary AsA restored the decreased growth performance parameters and the altered hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses caused by the dietary Cd exposure. The results of this study showed that dietary Cd is toxic to P. stellatus, while dietary AsA is effective in mitigating the toxic effects of Cd. Full article
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15 pages, 5407 KiB  
Review
Anticancer Effect of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols against Cervical Cancer
by Sandra Lucía Teniente 1, Adriana Carolina Flores-Gallegos 1, Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González 2, Lizeth Guadalupe Campos-Múzquiz 1, Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores 1 and Raul Rodríguez-Herrera 1,*
1 Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas, República Oriente, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
2 School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Dra. Cuquita Cepeda de Dávila Ave, Adolfo López Mateos, Saltillo 25125, Coahuila, Mexico
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010127 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7322
Abstract
Polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive phytochemicals with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that polyphenol extracts obtained from natural sources can be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Pomegranate peel extract is an excellent [...] Read more.
Polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive phytochemicals with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that polyphenol extracts obtained from natural sources can be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Pomegranate peel extract is an excellent source of polyphenols, such as punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, and caffeic acid, among others. These phenolic compounds have antineoplastic activity in in vitro models of cervical cancer through the regulation of cellular redox balance, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of different signaling pathways. The current review summarizes recent data from scientific reports that address the anticancer activity of the predominant polyphenol compounds present in PPE and their different mechanisms of action in cervical cancer models. Full article
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31 pages, 833 KiB  
Review
The Adipocyte–Macrophage Relationship in Cancer: A Potential Target for Antioxidant Therapy
by Sofía Sanhueza 1,2,3,†, Layla Simón 1,2,4,†, Mariana Cifuentes 2,3,* and Andrew F. G. Quest 1,2,*
1 Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
2 Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
3 Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
4 Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010126 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4814
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern with a staggering 39% worldwide prevalence as of 2021. Given the magnitude of the problem and considering its association with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, it does not come as a surprise that obesity is [...] Read more.
Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern with a staggering 39% worldwide prevalence as of 2021. Given the magnitude of the problem and considering its association with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, it does not come as a surprise that obesity is now considered one of the major risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has taken center stage in understanding how changes in its components, particularly adipocytes and macrophages, participate in such processes. In this review, we will initially focus on how changes in adipose tissue upon excess fat accumulation generate endocrine signals that promote cancer development. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment or stroma, which is also critical in cancer development, contains macrophages and adipocytes, which, in reciprocal paracrine communication with cancer cells, generate relevant signals. We will discuss how paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment between cancer cells, macrophages, and adipocytes favors cancer development and progression. Finally, as reactive oxygen species participate in many of these signaling pathways, we will summarize the information available on how antioxidants can limit the effects of endocrine and paracrine signaling due to dysfunctional adipose tissue components in obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cancer)
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17 pages, 2288 KiB  
Article
Genistein Promotes Anti-Heat Stress and Antioxidant Effects via the Coordinated Regulation of IIS, HSP, MAPK, DR, and Mitochondrial Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans
by Sai-Ya Zhang, Zi-Chen Qin, Yi-Yang Sun, Yu-Si Chen, Wen-Bo Chen, Hong-Gang Wang, Di An, Dan Sun and Yan-Qiang Liu *
1 College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010125 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3883
Abstract
To determine the anti-heat stress and antioxidant effects of genistein and the underlying mechanisms, lipofuscin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and survival under stress were first detected in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans); then the localization and quantification of the fluorescent protein was determined [...] Read more.
To determine the anti-heat stress and antioxidant effects of genistein and the underlying mechanisms, lipofuscin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and survival under stress were first detected in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans); then the localization and quantification of the fluorescent protein was determined by detecting the fluorescently labeled protein mutant strain; in addition, the aging-related mRNAs were detected by applying real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in C. elegans. The results indicate that genistein substantially extended the lifespan of C. elegans under oxidative stress and heat conditions; and remarkably reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin in C. elegans under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 35 °C stress conditions; in addition, it reduced the generation of ROS caused by H2O2 and upregulated the expression of daf-16, ctl-1, hsf-1, hsp-16.2, sip-1, sek-1, pmk-1, and eat-2, whereas it downregulated the expression of age-1 and daf-2 in C. elegans; similarly, it upregulated the expression of daf-16, sod-3, ctl-1, hsf-1, hsp-16.2, sip-1, sek-1, pmk-1, jnk-1 skn-1, and eat-2, whereas it downregulated the expression of age-1, daf-2, gst-4, and hsp-12.6 in C. elegans at 35 °C; moreover, it increased the accumulation of HSP-16.2 and SKN-1 proteins in nematodes under 35 °C and H2O2 conditions; however, it failed to prolong the survival time in the deleted mutant MQ130 nematodes under 35 °C and H2O2 conditions. These results suggest that genistein promote anti-heat stress and antioxidant effects in C. elegans via insulin/-insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), heat shock protein (HSP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), dietary restriction (DR), and mitochondrial pathways. Full article
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23 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Reduced Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase A-1 Expression in Specific Neurons and Time Points Promotes Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans
by Wen-Chi Shen 1, Chiou-Hwa Yuh 2, Yu-Ting Lu 1, Yen-Hung Lin 1, Tsui-Ting Ching 3, Chao-Yung Wang 4 and Horng-Dar Wang 1,5,*
1 Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 300044, Taiwan
2 Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Mioali Country 35053, Taiwan
3 Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
4 Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memory Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
5 Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 300044, Taiwan
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010124 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3241
Abstract
Deregulation of redox homeostasis is often associated with an accelerated aging process. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA) mediates redox homeostasis in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Our previous study demonstrated that Rpi knockdown boosts the healthspan in Drosophila. However, whether the knockdown of [...] Read more.
Deregulation of redox homeostasis is often associated with an accelerated aging process. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA) mediates redox homeostasis in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Our previous study demonstrated that Rpi knockdown boosts the healthspan in Drosophila. However, whether the knockdown of rpia-1, the Rpi ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans, can improve the healthspan in C. elegans remains unknown. Here, we report that spatially and temporally limited knockdown of rpia-1 prolongs lifespan and improves the healthspan in C. elegans, reflecting the evolutionarily conserved phenotypes observed in Drosophila. Ubiquitous and pan-neuronal knockdown of rpia-1 both enhance tolerance to oxidative stress, reduce polyglutamine aggregation, and improve the deteriorated body bending rate caused by polyglutamine aggregation. Additionally, rpia-1 knockdown temporally in the post-developmental stage and spatially in the neuron display enhanced lifespan. Specifically, rpia-1 knockdown in glutamatergic or cholinergic neurons is sufficient to increase lifespan. Importantly, the lifespan extension by rpia-1 knockdown requires the activation of autophagy and AMPK pathways and reduced TOR signaling. Moreover, the RNA-seq data support our experimental findings and reveal potential novel downstream targets. Together, our data disclose the specific spatial and temporal conditions and the molecular mechanisms for rpia-1 knockdown-mediated longevity in C. elegans. These findings may help the understanding and improvement of longevity in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Something is Rotten in the State of Redox)
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30 pages, 1494 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications
by Oke-Oghene Philomena Akpoveso 1,*, Emeka Emmanuel Ubah 2 and Gideon Obasanmi 3,*
1 School of Basic Sciences, All American Institute of Medical Sciences, Black River, Saint Elizabeth Parish JMDEH03, Jamaica
2 Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440109, Nigeria
3 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0A6, Canada
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010123 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 6596
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For [...] Read more.
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For these diabetic vascular complications, there is still an unmet need for safe and effective alternative/adjuvant therapeutic interventions. There is also an increasing urge for therapeutic options to come from natural products such as plants. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is central to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are central to endothelial damage and the progression of diabetic complications. Human and animal studies have shown that polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and prevent diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Part of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols is attributed to their modulatory effect on endogenous antioxidant systems. This review attempts to summarize the established effects of polyphenols on endogenous antioxidant systems from the literature. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing the potential benefits of polyphenols for diabetic vascular complications are also discussed. Full article
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21 pages, 23588 KiB  
Article
Intermediate-Term Storage of Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus) Sperm: Effects of Storage Methods, Extenders Supplemented with Antibiotics and Antioxidants on Sperm Quality
by Irfan Zidni 1,2, Hyo-Bin Lee 1, Ji-Hye Yoon 1, Jung-Yeol Park 3, Hyun-Seok Jang 1, Youn-Su Co 4, Dian Yuni Pratiwi 1,2 and Han-Kyu Lim 1,5,*
1 Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Fisheries, The Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang Regency 45363, Indonesia
3 Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
4 Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48512, Republic of Korea
5 Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010122 - 3 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
Intermediate-term preservation of sperm assists the reproductive management of fish spermatozoa; however, no information is available on sperm of the spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus. We aimed to identify the optimum diluents, temperatures, dilution ratios, antibiotics, and antioxidants for sperm motility and cell [...] Read more.
Intermediate-term preservation of sperm assists the reproductive management of fish spermatozoa; however, no information is available on sperm of the spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus. We aimed to identify the optimum diluents, temperatures, dilution ratios, antibiotics, and antioxidants for sperm motility and cell viability. The diluents evaluated were marine fish Ringer’s solution (MFRS), Stein’s solution, 300 mM sucrose, and 300 mM glucose (diluted 1:1 [sperm: diluent], 1:2, 1:4, and 1:10 and stored at 0, 2, 4, and 6 °C). Neomycin and gentamycin (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) and antioxidants (Mito-TEMPO [0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 µM], reduced glutathione [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM], and trehalose [0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM]) were assessed in terms of sperm preservation. The most effective condition for cold storage of spotted halibut sperm was Stein’s solution at a dilution ratio of 1:4 at 2 °C, with a combination of neomycin 800 mg/L and 250 mM trehalose that showed spermatozoa motility of > 43% after 60 days. These storage conditions will be valuable for spotted halibut hatcheries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Benefits in Aquaculture)
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