Mushrooms are considered to be functional foods with high nutritional, culinary, and pharmacological values, and there has been an increase in their consumption, both through the diet and in the form of dietary supplements. The present study aimed to briefly review the nutritional composition and biological properties of sixteen mushroom species, as well as to compare the mushrooms’ proximate composition to the analyses conducted at the University of Thessaly, Greece, in cooperation with the Natural History Museum of Meteora and Mushroom Museum. The macronutrient profile of each mushroom was analyzed according to the methods described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, at the School of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Thessaly. The protein content of the mushrooms was found to range between 13.8 g/100 g and 38.5 g/100 g, carbohydrate content ranged between 32 g/100 g and 61.4 g/100 g, and fat content ranged between 0.4 g/100 g and 5.9 g/100 g. Additionally, a serving of 100 g of most species of mushrooms covers 15 to 30% of the daily recommendation of vitamins and trace elements. Based on their compositions, mushrooms were shown to constitute excellent food sources from a nutritional point of view, containing high amounts of dietary fiber and protein, low fat, and reasonable sources of phosphorus, although they were shown to be poor in vitamin C. Full article

Numerous investigations show the need to intervene with school children and young students in order to mitigate socio-educational difficulties such as social conflict, and public health problems such as sedentary lifestyles and childhood obesity. This study seeks to explain the rationale and protocol of an educational programme called “ACTIVE VALUES” as an intervention strategy for the reduction of sedentary lifestyles and the promotion of education in values in schools. The present research used a mixed methods approach with a quasi-experimental design of repeated measures (pre-test and post-test), with a non-randomised control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). The sample was composed of approximately 250 students and 30 teachers from different autonomous communities in Spain, divided into EG and CG. The EG implemented a teaching methodology based on the incorporation of Active Breaks (AB) into the structure of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model, during one academic year, while the CG used conventional teaching based on the direct instruction teaching technique. A specific two-stage professional development procedure was followed: (1) initial training and (2) continuing professional development (CPD). The fidelity of the programme was checked by observational analysis of the sessions which were analysed by two observers with expertise in educational research and active methodologies. Currently, “ACTIVE VALUES” is the first study that examines the effectiveness of an educational programme that integrates into the teaching methodology, elements that foster education in values and promote healthy lifestyle habits through physical-sports activity within the classroom. Full article

This article analyzes the implementation of a circular economy model for the management of reusable solid waste in the Colombian municipalities of Arbeláez (province of Cundinamarca) and Tibasosa (province of Boyacá). The analysis is conducted using M-GRCT, a circular economy decision support model for the design of recyclable waste management systems in low-income municipalities. The model allows for performing calculations on a set of two scenarios integrating a sociocultural dynamics assessment—this being a characteristic feature of this type of municipalities. Results show that both the linear and circular models of waste management are economically viable. However, the particular conditions of each municipality, the tariff system, the number of subscribers and the variations in costs and inflation in each municipality affect the results of economic viability. In addition, the waste production scale and the volumes of recoverable waste also affect the results. All these factors are reflected in the scenarios analyzed. In terms of economic viability, the circular model presents better results in Arbeláez, while in the municipality of Tibasosa, the best results are obtained with a linear economy approach. Full article

Some water hydraulic manipulators used for the remote operation of reactors are controlled by a high-speed on/off valve (HSV). Water hydraulic HSVs operate through a process of high-frequency switching, and since their work environment is poorly lubricated, their components are prone to failure. The present study proposed a hybrid model to detect the state and predict the RUL of water hydraulic HSVs used for manipulators, including (1) an HSV state detection method based on the fuzzy neural network (FNN) algorithm; (2) a remaining useful life (RUL) prediction method based on the integration between the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Final results showed that the accuracy of state detection based on the FNN method was 93.3%. The relative error of the RUL prediction based on the ARIMA–LSTM was less than 1.6%. The developed method can provide guidance for operation and maintenance personnel to plan maintenance reasonably. Full article

Metallic surface defect detection is critical to ensure the quality of industrial products. Recently, human-advanced surface defect detection algorithms have been proposed. Most of these algorithms rely on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and an anchoring scheme. However, a convolution unit only samples the input feature maps at fixed shapes and locations. Similarly, a set of anchors are uniformly predefined with fixed scales and shapes, which increases the difficulties of bounding box regression. Therefore, we propose an adaptive convolution and anchor network for metallic surface defect detection, named ACA-Net. Specifically, an adaptive convolution and anchor (ACA) module is proposed, which mainly consists of adaptive convolution and an adaptive anchor. Firstly, an adaptive convolution module (ACM) is designed, which adaptively determines the location and shape of each convolution unit. In addition, a multi-scale feature adaptive fusion (MFAF) is proposed, which is used in ACM to extract and integrate multi-scale features. Then, an adaptive anchor module (AAM) is proposed to yield more suitable anchor boxes by adaptively adjusting shapes. Extensive experiments on NEU-DET dataset and GC10 dataset validate the performance of the proposed approach. ACA-Net achieves 1.8% on NEU-DET dataset higher Average Precision (AP) than GA-RetinaNet. Furthermore, the proposed ACA module is also adopted in GA-Faster R-CNN, improving the AP by 1.2% on NEU-DET dataset. Full article

The Middle-Chelif basin, in northwestern Algeria, is located in a seismically active region. In its western part lies the El-Asnam fault, a thrust fault responsible for several strong earthquakes. The most important being the El-Asnam earthquake (Ms = 7.3) of 1980. In the present study, ambient vibration data with single-station and array techniques were used to investigate the dynamic properties of the ground and to estimate the ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{s}30}$ structure in the main cities of the basin. Soil resonance frequencies vary from 1.2 to 8.3 Hz with a maximum amplitude of 8.7 in. Collapsing behavior has also been demonstrated west of the city of El-Attaf, reflecting a strong potential for liquefaction. A ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{s}30}$ variation map and a soil classification for each city were obtained mainly by inversion of the HVSR and Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. Finally, an empirical prediction law of ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{s}30}$ for the Middle-Chelif basin was proposed. Full article

Over the past few decades, research on object detection has developed rapidly, one of which can be seen in the fashion industry. Fast and accurate detection of an E-commerce fashion product is crucial to choosing the appropriate category. Nowadays, both new and second-hand clothing is provided by E-commerce sites for purchase. Therefore, when categorizing fashion clothing, it is essential to categorize it precisely, regardless of the cluttered background. We present recently acquired tiny product images with various resolutions, sizes, and positions datasets from the Shopee E-commerce (Thailand) website. This paper also proposes the Fashion Category—You Only Look Once version 4 model called FC-YOLOv4 for detecting multiclass fashion products. We used the semi-supervised learning approach to reduce image labeling time, and the number of resulting images is then increased through image augmentation. This approach results in reasonable Average Precision (AP), Mean Average Precision (mAP), True or False Positive (TP/FP), Recall, Intersection over Union (IoU), and reliable object detection. According to experimental findings, our model increases the mAP by 0.07 percent and 40.2 percent increment compared to the original YOLOv4 and YOLOv3. Experimental findings from our FC-YOLOv4 model demonstrate that it can effectively provide accurate fashion category detection for properly captured and clutter images compared to the YOLOv4 and YOLOv3 models. Full article

The measurement of the shear wave velocities (V_s) of soils is an important aspect of geotechnical and earthquake engineering, due to its direct relation to the shear modulus (G), which in turn influences the stress–strain behavior of geomaterials. V_s can be directly measured or estimated using a variety of onsite tests or in a laboratory. Methods such as downhole PS logging require boreholes and may not be logistically and economically feasible in all situations. Many researchers have estimated V_s from other geotechnical parameters, such as standard penetration test resistance (SPT-N), by means of empirical correlations. This paper aimed to contribute to this subject by developing an empirical relationship between V_s and SPT-N. Data from twenty sites in Metro Manila were obtained from geotechnical investigation reports. V_s profiles of the same sites were also acquired using the refraction microtremor method. New empirical relationships were developed for all, sandy, and clayey soil types, using a non-linear regression method that is applicable for Metro Manila soils. Statistical evaluation and comparison of the proposed correlations with other previous works suggested the viability of the empirical model. Full article

The aim of our study was to discover the effect of different types of feedback in teaching/learning of difficulty elements of aerobic gymnastics. The study was designed as a one-group comparative interrupted time study. For this purpose, eight gymnasts competing in the national development category were selected (average age 9 ± 1.5 years; average sport age 4 ± 1.5 years). The design of the study included two intervention programs; each lasting 23 days interrupted by an 8-week break. In intervention program 1, the group practiced a straddle jump using self-modeling followed by verbal feedback, and in intervention program 2 the group practiced a split jump using expert modeling followed by verbal feedback. The experimental group practiced three times a week for a period of 30 min per usual training session (normally lasting 90 min). The results showed that the execution of the elements in both intervention programs improved at the 5% level of significance. In intervention program 1, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in subphase approach and culmination. In intervention program 2, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in culmination only. There was no significant difference between the changes of the final scores of the executed elements in intervention programs 1 and 2. Comparing the results of individual subphases, we noted no significant difference either. Full article

The main contribution of this paper is a novel design method reducing the number of look-up table (LUT) elements in the circuits of three-block Mealy finite-state machines (FSMs). The proposed method is based on using codes of collections of outputs (COs) for representing both FSM state variables and outputs. The interstate transitions are represented by output collections generated during two adjacent cycles of FSM operation. To avoid doubling the number of variables encoding of COs, two registers are used. The first register keeps a code of CO produced in the current cycle of operation; the code of a CO produced in the previous cycle is kept in the second register. There is given a synthesis example with applying the proposed method. The results of the research are shown. The research is conducted using the CAD tool Vivado by Xilinx. The experiments prove that the proposed approach allows reducing the hardware compared with such known methods as auto and one-hot of Vivado, and JEDI. Additionally, the proposed approach gives better results than a method based on the simultaneous replacement of inputs and encoding of COs. Compared to circuits of the three-block FSMs, the LUT counts are reduced by an average of 7.21% without significant reduction in the performance. Our approach loses in terms of power consumption (on average 9.62%) and power–time products (on average 10.44%). The gain in LUT counts and area–time products increases with the increase in the numbers of FSM states and inputs. Full article

An approach for improving and maintaining consistent fusion quality of the deposited material during FDM 3d-printing is proposed. This approach is based on the nozzle temperature control during the printing process to adjust the polymer extrusion temperature with a speed and accuracy adequate to the FDM process. High frequency induction heating of the lightweight nozzle (<1 g) was used. To control the temperature of a lightweight nozzle, the resonant temperature measurement method based on the analysis of the high frequency eddy currents is proposed. To determine the parameters of the nozzle and the inductor as a plant, a FEM model of the inductive heating of the nozzle and a simulated model of a serial-parallel resonant circuit containing inductor were developed. Linearization of the automatic control system was performed to ensure the equal quality of regulation when operating in a wide temperature range. The quality of regulation, stability of the system, and coefficients of the PID controller were evaluated using a simulated model of the control system. A number of test samples were printed from various materials, and tensile stress testing was carried out. The developed control method reduces the nozzle temperature control error from 20 to 0.2 °C and decreases control delay by more than six times. Full article

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of pumpkin cultivar as a fermented semi-product on the selected quality parameters of functional non-dairy frozen desserts, which were prepared using the potentially probiotic strain cultures L. rhamnosus Lock 0900 and L. casei O14. Microbiological status, pH, sugar and carotenoids content, antioxidant activity, color and sensory quality have been checked. Regardless of the pumpkin cultivar used, the lactic acid fermentation of pulps with selected bacterial strains decreased reducing sugar and total sugars content. Improvement in the antioxidant activity was also observed. The impact of the individual sensory attributes on the overall quality was determined. The overall quality of the investigated pumpkin sorbets was positively driven by the sweet taste, pumpkin flavor, smoothness of texture, and negatively driven by acidic flavor, pungent taste, and bitter taste, verified by PCA method. All of the final products achieved high survival of probiotics (higher than 8.4 log CFU/g) and revealed a good sensory quality (overall quality higher than 8 c.u). The treatments with the cultivar “Melon Yellow” of the Cucurbita maxima species, were characterized by significantly higher (p < 0.05) carotenoids content, total sugars and reducing sugars content and antioxidant activity, measured by two methods. It can be concluded that the pumpkin cultivar and strain culture used for the fermentation affect the count of potentially probiotic bacteria in the final products, the composition of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and sensory quality of the functional pumpkin frozen desserts. Full article

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) gyroscope has many unique advantages, but a low detection sensitivity limits its development. Previous studies have shown that adding a metal dot array to the acoustic wave propagation path of the SAW delay line can enhance the Coriolis force and further improve sensitivity. Therefore, in order to optimize the detection sensitivity performance of the sensor, 128°YX-LiNbO₃, ST-X Quartz and X112°Y-LiTaO₃ piezoelectric substrates were selected by finite element method to analyze the influence of the metal dot array size on the SAW gyroscopic effect in this paper. The most suitable metal dot size for 128°YX-LiNbO₃ and X112°Y-LiTaO₃ obtained by simulation are $5/16\lambda$ and $1/16\lambda$, respectively; for example, when the normalized angular velocity is 1 × 10⁻³, the SAW gyroscopic effect factor $g$ of the two piezoelectric substrates distributing the optimum size metal dots can reach 22.4 kHz and 5.2 kHz. For ST-X quartz, there is a threshold between the rotation speed of the substrate and the optimum size of the metal dot. When the rotating speed is lower than the threshold, the SAW gyroscopic effect is strongest when the metal dot size is $3/16\lambda$; otherwise, the SAW gyroscopic effect is strongest when the size is $11/16\lambda$. These research results provide new ideas for improvement of the SAW gyroscope. Full article

Blockchain is a distributed, immutable ledger technology initially developed to secure cryptocurrency transactions. Following its revolutionary use in cryptocurrencies, blockchain solutions are now being proposed to address various problems in different domains, and it is currently one of the most “disruptive” technologies. This paper presents a scoping review of the scientific literature for exploring the current research area of blockchain applications in the agricultural sector. The aim is to identify the service areas of agriculture where blockchain is used, the blockchain technology used, the data stored in it, its combination with external databases, the reason it is used, and the variety of agricultural products, as well as the level of maturity of the respective approaches. The study follows the PRISMA-ScR methodology. The purpose of conducting these scoping reviews is to identify the evidence in this field and clarify the key concepts. The literature search was conducted in April 2021 using Scopus and Google Scholar, and a systematic selection process identified 104 research articles for detailed study. Our findings show that in the field, although still in the early stages, with the majority of the studies in the design phase, several experiments have been conducted, so a significant percentage of the work is in the implementation or piloting phase. Finally, our research shows that the use of blockchain in this domain mainly concerns the integrity of agricultural production records, the monitoring of production steps, and the monitoring of products. However, other varied and remarkable blockchain applications include incentive mechanisms, a circular economy, data privacy, product certification, and reputation systems. This study is the first scoping review in this area, following a formal systematic literature review methodology and answering research questions that have not yet been addressed. Full article

Harmonics destructively impact the performance and stability of power systems. This paper proposes the development of a stable shunt active power filter (SAPF) for harmonics mitigation. The proper and stable operation of the SAPF control system requires the determination of the current reference, phase angle synchronization, and DC-link voltage regulation. This paper uses an artificial neural network (ANN) and one of its sub-methods, the adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE), to determine the current reference. However, determining the current reference requires providing a stable phase angle, which is a fundamental challenge in distorted grids because harmonics created in the grid cause phase angle synchronization problems, due to malfunction of the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL). These things considered, the weak grid connection imposes an instability issue due to the poor performance of the conventional PLL when the grid impedance is high. In this paper, a robust synchronous filter (RSF) is adopted, which separates the harmonic from the main component to provide harmonics-free signals for the PLL. Using RSF, a robust synchronizer quasi-static filter (RSQSF) PLL model is designed, which is effective in dealing with harmonics in weak-grid conditions. MATLAB Simulink was used to check the validation and effectiveness of the proposed control structure. The results show a reduction in harmonics generated in the grid by 86.7% for nonlinear load with a balanced source, 84% for nonlinear load with an unbalanced source under grid impedance, and 80.46% for the nonlinear load with an unbalanced source under weak-grid conditions. Full article