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Authors = Milin Zhang

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17 pages, 68021 KiB  
Article
A Low-Power Differential Temperature Sensor with Chopped Cascode Transistors and Switched-Capacitor Integration
by Junyi Yang, Thomas Gourousis, Mengting Yan, Ruyi Ding, Ankit Mittal, Milin Zhang, Francesco Restuccia, Aatmesh Shrivastava, Yunsi Fei and Marvin Onabajo
Electronics 2025, 14(12), 2381; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14122381 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 616
Abstract
Embedded differential temperature sensors can be utilized to monitor the power consumption of circuits, taking advantage of the inherent on-chip electrothermal coupling. Potential applications range from hardware security to linearity, gain/bandwidth calibration, defect-oriented testing, and compensation for circuit aging effects. This paper introduces [...] Read more.
Embedded differential temperature sensors can be utilized to monitor the power consumption of circuits, taking advantage of the inherent on-chip electrothermal coupling. Potential applications range from hardware security to linearity, gain/bandwidth calibration, defect-oriented testing, and compensation for circuit aging effects. This paper introduces the use of on-chip differential temperature sensors as part of a wireless Internet of Things system. A new low-power differential temperature sensor circuit with chopped cascode transistors and switched-capacitor integration is described. This design approach leverages chopper stabilization in combination with a switched-capacitor integrator that acts as a low-pass filter such that the circuit provides offset and low-frequency noise mitigation. Simulation results of the proposed differential temperature sensor in a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process show a sensitivity of 33.18V/°C within a linear range of ±36.5m°C and an integrated output noise of 0.862mVrms (from 1 to 441.7 Hz) with an overall power consumption of 0.187mW. Considering a figure of merit that involves sensitivity, linear range, noise, and power, the new temperature sensor topology demonstrates a significant improvement compared to state-of-the-art differential temperature sensors for on-chip monitoring of power dissipation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in RF, Analog, and Mixed Signal Circuits)
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18 pages, 3736 KiB  
Article
Association between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Biomarker Levels and Diagnosis, Injury Severity, and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
by Zhihui Yang, Seza Apiliogullari, Yueqiang Fu, Ayah Istanbouli, Sehajpreet Kaur, Iktej Singh Jabbal, Ahmed Moghieb, Zoha Irfan, Robert Logan Patterson, Milin Kurup, Lindsey Morrow, Michael Cohn, Zhiqun Zhang, Jiepei Zhu, Ronald L. Hayes, Helen M. Bramlett, M. Ross Bullock, W. Dalton Dietrich, Michael Y. Wang, Firas Kobeissy and Kevin W. Wangadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Diagnostics 2023, 13(10), 1814; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101814 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3584
Abstract
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is recognized as a global problem that can lead to a range of acute and secondary complications impacting morbidity and mortality. There is still a lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with SCI that [...] Read more.
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is recognized as a global problem that can lead to a range of acute and secondary complications impacting morbidity and mortality. There is still a lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with SCI that could help guide clinical care and identify novel therapeutic targets for future drug discovery. The aim of this prospective controlled study was to determine the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum profiles of 10 biomarkers as indicators of SCI diagnosis, severity, and prognosis to aid in assessing appropriate treatment modalities. CSF and serum samples of 15 SCI and ten healthy participants were included in the study. The neurological assessments were scored on admission and at discharge from the hospital using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Score (AIS) grades. The CSF and serum concentrations of SBDP150, S100B, GFAP, NF-L, UCHL-1, Tau, and IL-6 were significantly higher in SCI patients when compared with the control group. The CSF GBDP 38/44K, UCHL-L1, S100B, GFAP, and Tau levels were significantly higher in the AIS A patients. This study demonstrated a strong correlation between biomarker levels in the diagnosis and injury severity of SCI but no association with short-term outcomes. Future prospective controlled studies need to be done to support the results of this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Laboratory Medicine)
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16 pages, 2329 KiB  
Article
Foreign Direct Investment Dynamic Performance with Low-Carbon Influence: A Provincial Comparative Application in China
by Xinna Zhao, Yuhang Tang, Milin Lu and Xiaohong Zhang
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2019, 7(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030046 - 30 Aug 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3270
Abstract
Cross-border capital flows have been a major force driving economic globalization. Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a decisive role in seeking out market technology brands and enhancing the global competitiveness among international inflows. With the requirement of economic development, this paper focused on [...] Read more.
Cross-border capital flows have been a major force driving economic globalization. Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a decisive role in seeking out market technology brands and enhancing the global competitiveness among international inflows. With the requirement of economic development, this paper focused on a performance evaluation of FDI in China. However, because of the planned transformation to a market economy in China, FDI has been promoted with a regional cascade structure. Similar to the development track of the Chinese economy, it is necessary to evaluate FDI quality more than purely quantity from a provincial point of view. Therefore, this paper evaluated the Chinese provincial FDI total factor productivity using the dynamic Malmquist model. In contrast to traditional evaluations, this paper focused on inter-temporal influence in FDI performance evaluation. To understand the inter-temporal effects, physical capital stock was defined as a dynamic variable in FDI sustainability performance. Additionally, with the pressure to reduce emissions, energy consumption was also considered during the evaluation. The empirical results revealed that the dynamic variable is the bottleneck in FDI performance for most Chinese provinces. It is only efficient in a few municipalities and provinces, such as Shanghai and Guangdong. Additionally, energy conservation was more efficient in the performance evaluation of eastern regions in China. Full article
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10 pages, 3398 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Protective Coating on Mg Alloy for Degradable Implant Applications
by Jinshu Xie, Jinghuai Zhang, Shujuan Liu, Zehua Li, Li Zhang, Ruizhi Wu, Legan Hou and Milin Zhang
Coatings 2019, 9(3), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030160 - 28 Feb 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4211
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys are known as “the new generation of biomedical metal materials”. However, high degradation rates restrict their clinical application. To overcome this issue, a new and simple method for producing of protective coating based on hydrothermal synthesis at 200 °C [...] Read more.
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys are known as “the new generation of biomedical metal materials”. However, high degradation rates restrict their clinical application. To overcome this issue, a new and simple method for producing of protective coating based on hydrothermal synthesis at 200 °C in 0.5 M NaHCO3 was elaborated. The microstructure, elemental and phase composition of the produced films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical strength of the protective coating was evaluated by grid scribing method. The corrosion protection effect was evaluated using linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Since the corrosion process is accompanied by stoichiometric evolution of hydrogen, the amount of the latter was measured to quantify the overall corrosion rate. Both the coatings morphology and phase composition were sensitive to the treatment duration. The coating formed after 0.5 h was loose and mainly consisted of spherical flower-like Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O accompanied by small amounts of Mg(OH)2. The treatment duration of 3 h resulted in a thicker compact coating composed mainly of irregular granular MgCO3 as well as Mg(OH)2. The coating providing the most effective protection and uniform corrosion was achieved by 2 h treatment at 200 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Light Alloys)
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14 pages, 749 KiB  
Article
Design of a Compact Wireless Multi-Channel High Area-Efficient Stimulator with Arbitrary Channel Configuration
by Yuwei Zhang, Deng Luo, Ting Ou, Zhangyi Yuan, Heng Huang, Ling You, Yin Yue, Milin Zhang, Dongmei Li, Guolin Li, Kexin Yuan and Zhihua Wang
Micromachines 2018, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9010006 - 27 Dec 2017
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6468
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a wireless, implantable, multi-channel, programmable stimulator with arbitrary channel combination. A novel channel management module using a switch array is presented, enabling arbitrary channel configuration with a silicon area reduction of 81%. The chip was fabricated in [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design of a wireless, implantable, multi-channel, programmable stimulator with arbitrary channel combination. A novel channel management module using a switch array is presented, enabling arbitrary channel configuration with a silicon area reduction of 81%. The chip was fabricated in a 0.18- μ m Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC) high voltage (HV) complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. A stimulator system was realized using the proposed integrated circuit (IC). A wireless communication link was established between a specified Android-based graphical user interface (GUI) and the proposed device for control of the stimulation pattern and wireless battery charging. The size of the entire system occupies a volume of only 14 mm × 14 mm × 4 mm (without the battery). Experimental results demonstrated a successful independent configuration between different channels, as well as an arbitrary channel combination, as expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Microdevices and Systems for Biomedical Applications)
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12 pages, 7406 KiB  
Article
Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System
by Lili Wang, Milin Zhang and Baibin Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010055 - 10 Jan 2017
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6741
Abstract
In order to comprehensively improve the strength, toughness, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP), layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH was synthesized by a coprecipitation method coupled with the microwave-hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, [...] Read more.
In order to comprehensively improve the strength, toughness, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP), layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH was synthesized by a coprecipitation method coupled with the microwave-hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, mechanical, thermal, and fire properties for PP composites containing 1 wt %–20 wt % Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH were investigated. The cone calorimeter tests confirm that the peak heat release rate (pk–HRR) of PP–20%LDH was decreased to 500 kW/m2 from the 1057 kW/m2 of PP. The pk–HRR, average mass loss rate (AMLR) and effective heat of combustion (EHC) analysis indicates that the condensed phase fire retardant mechanism of Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH in the composites. The production rate and mean release yield of CO for composites gradually decrease as Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH increases in the PP matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that the decomposition temperature for PP–5%LDH and PP–10%LDH is 34 °C higher than that of the pure PP. The mechanical tests reveal that the tensile strength of PP–1%LDH is 7.9 MPa higher than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, the elongation at break of PP–10%LDH is 361% higher than PP. In this work, the synthetic LDH Ni0.2Mg2.8Al–LDH can be used as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, thermal stabilizer, reinforcing, and toughening agent of PP products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical and Molecular Sciences)
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12 pages, 5755 KiB  
Article
Thermal Analysis and Flame-Retarded Mechanism of Composites Composed of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Transition Metals (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn)
by Lili Wang, Milin Zhang and Bin Li
Appl. Sci. 2016, 6(5), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/app6050131 - 4 May 2016
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7131
Abstract
The effects of transition metals on the hydrophobicity of nano–structured layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the compatibility of LDHs/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites have seldom been reported. NiMgAl–LDHs slightly surface–modified with stearate and doped with transition metal cations (Mn2+, Co2+ [...] Read more.
The effects of transition metals on the hydrophobicity of nano–structured layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the compatibility of LDHs/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites have seldom been reported. NiMgAl–LDHs slightly surface–modified with stearate and doped with transition metal cations (Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) are investigated. Compared to the pure EVA, not only were the maximal degradation–rate temperatures (Tmax) of the ethylene–based chains enhanced, but also the smoke production rate (SPR) and the production rate of CO (COP) were sharply decreased for all the composites. Most importantly, a new flame retardant mechanism was found, namely the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) time, which directly depends on the peak production rate of CO2 (pk-CO2) time for EVA and all composites by cone calorimeter test. Moreover, the Mn–doped LDH S–NiMgAl–Mn shows more uniform dispersion and better interfacial compatibility in the EVA matrix. The cone calorimetric residue of S–NiMgAl–Mn/EVA has the intumescent char layer and the compact metal oxide layer. Therefore, S–NiMgAl–Mn/EVA shows the lowest pk-HRR and the longest pk-HRR time among all the composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science and Engineering)
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