Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Benzophenone-3, and Bisphenol A in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. On-Line SPE-HPLC-MS/MS
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (min) | 0 | 0.1–2 | 2–7 | 7.01–11 | 11–17 | 17–18.5 | 18.5–23.5 | ||||
SPE of Sample N + 1 | Start | Analyte Transfer and dilution | Regenerate SPE column | Equilibrate SPE column | Sample loading | SPE Column Wash | Stop Pump1 | ||||
Autosampler Valve | 1–2 | 1–2 | 6–1 | 6–1 | 1–2 | 6–1 | 1–2 | ||||
Pump1 | mL/min | 0 | 0.25 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 | |||
MeOH% | 20 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||||
HPLC of Sample N | Analyte Transfer | HPLC separation and MS/MS acquisition | Equilibrate Pump2 | ||||||||
Ten-port valve | 10–1 | 1–2 | 10–1 | 10–1 | |||||||
Pump2 | mL/min | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.75 HPLC gradient elution | 0.5 | ||||||
Time (min) | 2 | 8 | 17 | 18.5 | |||||||
MeOH% | 50 | 50 | |||||||||
MeOH% | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Analytes | Precursorion (m/z) | Production (m/z) | Fragmentor (V) | Collision Energy (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triclosan | 288 | 142 | 20 | 32 |
Bisphenol A | 227 | 212 | 100 | 24 |
Benzophenone-3 | 227 | 211 | 120 | 20 |
13C12-Triclosan | 299 | 148 | 35 | 36 |
Elementary School Children (nmale = 30, nfemale = 22) | College Students (nmale = 12, nfemale = 59) | Total (nmale = 42, nfemale = 81) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Detection rate | GM (range) | Detection rate | GM (range) | Detection rate | GM (range) |
TCS | 13.3 | 55.49 (28.38–127.28) * | 41.7 | 42.98 (36.98–54.18) | 21.4 | 48.15 (28.38–127.28) |
BP-3 | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - |
BPA | 50.0 | 5.84 (2.86–12.72) | 41.7 | 6.24 (2.86–15.18) | 47.6% | 5.94 (2.86–15.18) |
Female | ||||||
TCS | 13.6 | 69.43 (47.30–149.64) | 18.6 | 67.87 (30.96–198.66) | 17.3 | 68.21 (30.96–198.66) |
BP-3 | 0 | - | 16.9 | 19.72 (7.14–97.02) | 12.3 | 19.72 (7.14–97.02) |
BPA | 45.5 | 5.29 (2.55–22.27) | 52.5 | 5.91 (1.94–190.10) | 50.6 | 5.75 (1.94–190.10) |
Overall | ||||||
TCS | 13.5 | 61.09 (28.38–149.64) | 22.5 | 58.84 (30.96–198.66) | 18.7 | 59.52 (28.38–198.66) |
BP-3 | 0 | - | 14.1 | 19.72 (7.14–97.02) | 8.1 | 19.72 (7.14–97.02) |
BPA | 48.1 | 5.61 (2.55–22.27) | 50.7 | 5.95 (1.94–190.10) | 49.6 | 5.81 (1.94–190.10) |
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Chang, F.-K.; Shiea, J.; Tsai, H.-J. Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Benzophenone-3, and Bisphenol A in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121545
Chang F-K, Shiea J, Tsai H-J. Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Benzophenone-3, and Bisphenol A in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(12):1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121545
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Fu-Kuei, Jentaie Shiea, and Hsin-Jen Tsai. 2017. "Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Benzophenone-3, and Bisphenol A in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 12: 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121545