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A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 6616

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ricardo G. Landim

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Guest Editor

Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
Interests: cosmology; theoretical physics; dark energy; dark matter; baryogenesis/leptogenesis; extra dimensions; 21-cm hydrogen line; fast radio bursts; radio astronomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Marcelo M. Guzzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Interests: neutrino physics; neutrino astrophysics; elementary particle physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Particles and antiparticles should have been created in equal amounts in the early Universe; however, the question of why there are more of the former than the latter is an open problem in cosmology. The conditions that produce the asymmetry, as first realized by Andrei Sakharov in 1967, are baryon number violation, violation of charge parity symmetry, and interactions out of equilibrium. Although thought initially only for baryons, a similar procedure should happen for leptons. Indeed, several mechanisms have been proposed to investigate both leptogenesis and baryogenesis. Since lepton and baryon number violations are not expected within the Standard Model, the asymmetry points towards new physics.

This Special Issue focuses on baryogenesis and leptogenesis in a broad context and you are kindly invited to submit both original research articles and review papers.

Sincerely yours,

Dr. Ricardo G. Landim
Prof. Dr. Marcelo M. Guzzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

baryogenesis
leptogenesis
matter–antimatter asymmetry
Sakharov conditions
neutrino physics
physics beyond the Standard Model.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing the Time Spectrum of Supernova Neutrinos to Constrain Their Effective Mass or Lorentz Invariance Violation

by Celio A. Moura, Lucas Quintino and Fernando Rossi-Torres

Universe 2023, 9(6), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9060259 - 29 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1101

Abstract

We analyze the expected arrival time spectrum of supernova neutrinos using simulated luminosity and compute the expected number of events in future detectors such as the DUNE Far Detector and Hyper-Kamiokande. We develop a general method using minimum square statistics that can compute the sensitivity to any variable affecting neutrino time of flight. We apply this method in two different situations: First, we compare the time spectrum changes due to different neutrino mass values to put limits on electron (anti)neutrino effective mass. Second, we constrain Lorentz invariance violation through the mass scale,

M_{Q G}

, at which it would occur. We consider two main neutrino detection techniques: 1. DUNE-like liquid argon TPC, for which the main detection channel is

ν_{e} +^{40} Ar \to e^{-} +^{40} K^{*}

, related to the supernova neutronization burst; and 2. HyperK-like water Cherenkov detector, for which

{\bar{ν}}_{e} + p \to e^{+} + n

is the main detection channel. We consider a fixed supernova distance of 10 kpc and two different masses of the progenitor star: (i) 15

M_{⊙}

with neutrino emission time up to 0.3 s and (ii) 11.2

M_{⊙}

with neutrino emission time up to 10 s. The best mass limits at 3

σ

are for

O (1)

eV. For

ν_{e}

, the best limit comes from a DUNE-like detector if the mass ordering happens to be inverted. For

{\bar{ν}}_{e}

, the best limit comes from a HyperK-like detector. The best limit for the Lorentz invariance violation mass scale at the 3

σ

level considering a superluminal or subluminal effect is

M_{Q G} ≳ 10^{13}

GeV (

M_{Q G} ≳ 5 \times 10^{5}

GeV) for linear (quadratic) energy dependence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry)

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Figure 1

22 pages, 15100 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Sources of Leptonic CP Violation at the DUNE Neutrino Experiment

by Alessio Giarnetti and Davide Meloni

Universe 2021, 7(7), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7070240 - 12 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1530

Abstract

We check the capability of the DUNE neutrino experiment to detect new sources of leptonic CP violation beside the single phase expected in the Standard Model. We illustrate our strategy based on the measurement of CP asymmetries in the case that new physics will show up as nonstandard neutrino interactions and sterile neutrino states and show that the most promising one, once the experimental errors are taken into account in both scenarios, is the one related to the

ν_{μ} \to ν_{e}

transition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry)

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Review

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17 pages, 421 KiB

Open AccessReview

Searches for Violation of CPT Symmetry and Lorentz Invariance with Astrophysical Neutrinos

by Celio A. Moura and Fernando Rossi-Torres

Universe 2022, 8(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010042 - 11 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1515

Abstract

Neutrinos are a powerful tool for searching physics beyond the standard model of elementary particles. In this review, we present the status of the research on charge-parity-time (CPT) symmetry and Lorentz invariance violations using neutrinos emitted from the collapse of stars such as supernovae and other astrophysical environments, such as gamma-ray bursts. Particularly, supernova neutrino fluxes may provide precious information because all neutrino and antineutrino flavors are emitted during a burst of tens of seconds. Models of quantum gravity may allow the violation of Lorentz invariance and possibly of CPT symmetry. Violation of Lorentz invariance may cause a modification of the dispersion relation and, therefore, in the neutrino group velocity as well in the neutrino wave packet. These changes can affect the arrival time signal registered in astrophysical neutrino detectors. Direction or time-dependent oscillation probabilities and anisotropy of the neutrino velocity are manifestations of the same kind of new physics. CPT violation, on the other hand, may be responsible for different oscillation patterns for neutrino and antineutrino and unconventional energy dependency of the oscillation phase or of the mixing angles. Future perspectives for possible CPT and Lorentz violating systems are also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry)

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27 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessReview

E₆ GUT and Baryon Asymmetry Generation in the E₆CHM

by Roman Nevzorov

Universe 2022, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010033 - 5 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1472

Abstract

Grand unified theories (GUTs) may result in the

E_{6}

-inspired composite Higgs model (E

_{6}

CHM) at low energies, almost stabilizing the electroweak scale. We consider an orbifold GUT in 6 dimensions in which the

E_{6}

-gauge group is broken to [...] Read more.

Grand unified theories (GUTs) may result in the

E_{6}

-inspired composite Higgs model (E

_{6}

CHM) at low energies, almost stabilizing the electroweak scale. We consider an orbifold GUT in 6 dimensions in which the

E_{6}

-gauge group is broken to the gauge symmetry of the standard model (SM) while different multiplets of the SM fermions come from different 27-plets. The strongly coupled sector of the E

_{6}

CHM is confined on the brane where

E_{6}

is broken down to its

S U (6)

subgroup. Near the scale of

f ≳ 5 TeV

, this approximate

S U (6)

symmetry is expected to be further broken down to its

S U (5)

subgroup, which contains the SM-gauge group. Such a breakdown leads to a set of pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) that includes an SM-like Higgs doublet. The approximate gauge coupling unification in the E

_{6}

CHM takes place at high energies when the right-handed top quark is a composite fermion. To ensure anomaly cancellation, the weakly coupled sector of this model contains extra exotic matter beyond the SM. We discuss the mechanism of the generation of matter–antimatter asymmetry within the variant of the E

_{6}

CHM in which the baryon number and CP invariance are violated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry)

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