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Polymers
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Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering
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Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 19490

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jea Uk Lee

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Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-701, Republic of Korea
Interests: carbon composites; polymer synthesis; functionalization of nanomaterials; wearable electronic devices; 3D printing composites; heat management materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the current state-of-the-art of polymer and carbon materials engineering. The synergistic combination of polymer and carbon materials leads to the dramatic improvement of various properties, which creates new applications of polymer materials.

Papers are sought that discuss the latest research in the area or summarize selected areas of the field. The scope of this Special Issue encompasses the preparation and applications of polymer and carbon composites, including carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites (CFRP) and nano- and micro- carbon/polymer composites.

This Special Issue “Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering” aims to be a collection of high-quality original/review papers focusing on recent progress in the new preparation and applications of polymer/carbon composites, including (a) recycled polymer and carbon materials, (b) 3D printing of polymer and carbon materials, (c) polymer and carbon materials for heat management applications, (d) polymer and carbon materials for sensors, (e) polymer and carbon materials for energy applications, and (f) polymer and carbon materials for environmental applications.

Prof. Jea Uk Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Recycled polymer and carbon materials
  • 3D printing of polymer and carbon materials
  • Polymer and carbon materials for heat management application
  • Polymer and carbon materials for sensors
  • Polymer and carbon materials for energy application
  • Polymer and carbon materials for environmental application

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3995 KiB  
Article
Detoxification Properties of Guanidinylated Chitosan Against Chemical Warfare Agents and Its Application to Military Protective Clothing
by Woong Kwon and Euigyung Jeong
Polymers 2020, 12(7), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071461 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2769
Abstract
This study investigates the detoxification properties of guanidinylated chitosan against chemical warfare agents and its application to the preparation of military protective clothing. Guanidinylated chitosan was synthesized by chitosan guanidinylation with cyanamide. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan were then evaluated using [...] Read more.
This study investigates the detoxification properties of guanidinylated chitosan against chemical warfare agents and its application to the preparation of military protective clothing. Guanidinylated chitosan was synthesized by chitosan guanidinylation with cyanamide. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan were then evaluated using a chemical warfare agent simulant, called diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Cotton fabric was treated with 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan in acetic acid and water solution using the simple and conventional textile treatment method of pad–dry–cure. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric were evaluated to investigate the application of guanidinylated chitosan to the preparation of military protective clothing. Subsequently, 71.3% of DFP was hydrolyzed to non-hazardous diisopropylhydrogenphosphate (DHP) in 2 h because of the base organocatalytic activity of 0.02 g guanidinylated chitosan itself. Moreover, 60.1% of DFP was hydrolyzed by the catalytic activity of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric, which contained only 0.0002 g of guanidinylated chitosan. This result shows that the guanidinylated chitosan itself has detoxification properties for hydrolyzing DFP to DHP, and its detoxification properties can be more efficient when applied to cotton fabric because it showed 84.3% of the detoxification properties with only 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan. For the first time, this study shows that guanidinylated chitosan has considerable detoxification properties and can be used as an agent to prepare protective clothing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering)
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14 pages, 4399 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Nanocomposite-Based High Performance Organic Field Effect Transistor via Solution Floating Method and Mechanical Property Evaluation
by Youn Kim, Yeon Ju Kwon, Seungwan Ryu, Cheol Jin Lee and Jea Uk Lee
Polymers 2020, 12(5), 1046; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051046 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
We demonstrate that using nanocomposite thin films consisting of semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) for the active channel layer of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) improves both device performances and mechanical properties. The nanocomposite film was developed by directly blending [...] Read more.
We demonstrate that using nanocomposite thin films consisting of semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) for the active channel layer of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) improves both device performances and mechanical properties. The nanocomposite film was developed by directly blending P3HT solution with a dispersion of EEG at various weight proportions and simply transferring to an Si/SiO2 substrate by the solution floating method. The OFET based on P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film showed approximately twice higher field-effect mobility of 0.0391 cm2·V−1·s−1 and one order of magnitude greater on/off ratio of ~104 compared with the OFET based on pristine P3HT. We also measured the mechanical properties of P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film via film-on-elastomer methods, which confirms that the P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film exhibited approximately 2.4 times higher modulus (3.29 GPa) than that of the P3HT film (1.38 GPa), while maintaining the good bending flexibility and durability over 10.0% of bending strain and bending cycles (1000 cycles). It was proved that the polymer hybridization technique, which involves adding EEG to a conjugated polymer, is a powerful route for enhancing both device performances and mechanical properties while maintaining the flexible characteristics of OFET devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering)
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10 pages, 2137 KiB  
Article
Highly Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride as a Novel Precursor for Fibrous Carbon Material
by Jinchang Liu, Hiroki Shimanoe, Seunghyun Ko, Hansong Lee, Chaehyun Jo, Jaewoong Lee, Seong-Hwa Hong, Hyunchul Lee, Young-Pyo Jeon, Koji Nakabayashi, Jin Miyawaki and Seong-Ho Yoon
Polymers 2020, 12(2), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020328 - 5 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5813
Abstract
Pure, highly chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), with a 63 wt % of chlorine, showed a unique-thermal-pyrolytic-phenomenon that meant it could be converted to carbon material through solid-phase carbonisation rather than liquid-phase carbonisation. The CPVC began to decompose at 270 °C, with a rapid [...] Read more.
Pure, highly chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), with a 63 wt % of chlorine, showed a unique-thermal-pyrolytic-phenomenon that meant it could be converted to carbon material through solid-phase carbonisation rather than liquid-phase carbonisation. The CPVC began to decompose at 270 °C, with a rapid loss in mass due to dehydrochlorination and novel aromatisation and polycondensation up to 400 °C. In this study, we attempted to prepare carbon fibre (CF) without oxidative stabilisation, using the aforementioned CPVC as a novel precursor. Through the processes of solution spinning and solid-state carbonisation, the spun CPVC fibre was directly converted to CF, with a carbonisation yield of 26.2 wt %. The CPVC-derived CF exhibited a relatively smooth surface; however, it still demonstrated a low mechanical performance. This was because the spun fibre was not stretched during the heat treatment. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation values of 590 ± 84 MPa, 50 ± 8 GPa, and 1.2 ± 0.2%, respectively, were obtained from the CPVC spun fibre, with an average diameter of 19.4 μm, following carbonisation at 1600 °C for 5 min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering)
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16 pages, 3052 KiB  
Article
A Selenone-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Selective Detection and Adsorption of Hg2+ ions in Aqueous Solutions
by Hailong Liu, Zixu Chen, Shengyu Feng, Dengxu Wang and Hongzhi Liu
Polymers 2019, 11(12), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11122084 - 13 Dec 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3030
Abstract
Developing novel functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for various applications is highly desirable. Herein we present the first example of a novel selenone-functionalized POSS (POSS-Se) by treating an imidazolium-containing POSS with selenium powder under mild condition. The structure of POSS-Se was characterized by [...] Read more.
Developing novel functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for various applications is highly desirable. Herein we present the first example of a novel selenone-functionalized POSS (POSS-Se) by treating an imidazolium-containing POSS with selenium powder under mild condition. The structure of POSS-Se was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR, and elemental analysis. Acid treatment of POSS-Se results in a hydrophilic red-orange colored solid, which is highly sensitive and selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions by visually observing the color change to pale yellow, and to white. Interestingly, POSS-Se has no activity on this detection. This finding is due to the Se–Se formation by acid-treatment and subsequent coordination-induced cleavage upon the addition of Hg2+ ions. The detection behavior can be precisely monitored by a “turn-on” fluorescence phenomenon with the limit of detection (LOD) of 8.48 ppb, comparable to or higher than many reported Hg2+ sensors. Moreover, POSS-Se demonstrates a selective and efficient adsorption of Hg2+ ions with a maximum capacity of 952 mg g–1. The value is higher than most reported adsorbents for Hg2+ ions, typically thiol and/or thioether functional materials, indicating its promise as an efficient adsorbent for the selective removal of Hg2+ ions from industrial wastewater. This work may open up new horizons for the exploration of selenium-containing functional POSS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering)
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17 pages, 4154 KiB  
Article
Shortening Stabilization Time Using Pressurized Air Flow in Manufacturing Mesophase Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber
by Hiroki Shimanoe, Seunghyun Ko, Young-Pyo Jeon, Koji Nakabayashi, Jin Miyawaki and Seong-Ho Yoon
Polymers 2019, 11(12), 1911; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11121911 - 20 Nov 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3782
Abstract
Oxidation–stabilization using pressurized air flows of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa could successfully shorten the total stabilization time to less than 60 min for manufacturing mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers without deteriorating mechanical performance. Notably, the carbonized fiber heat-treated at 1000 °C for 30 min, [...] Read more.
Oxidation–stabilization using pressurized air flows of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa could successfully shorten the total stabilization time to less than 60 min for manufacturing mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers without deteriorating mechanical performance. Notably, the carbonized fiber heat-treated at 1000 °C for 30 min, which was oxidative–stabilized at 260 °C without soaking time with a heating rate of 2.0 °C/min using 100 mL/min of pressurized air flow of 0.5 MPa (total stabilization time: 55 min), showed excellent tensile strength and Young′s modulus of 3.4 and 177 GPa, respectively, which were higher than those of carbonized fiber oxidation–stabilized at 270 °C without soaking time with a heating rate of 0.5 °C/min using 100 mL/min of atmospheric air flow (total stabilization time: 300 min). Activation energies for oxidation reactions in stabilization using pressurized air flows were much lower than those of oxidation reactions using atmospheric air flow because of the higher oxidation diffusion from the outer surface into the center part of pitch fibers for the use of the pressurized air flows of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa than the atmospheric one. The higher oxygen diffusivities resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of oxygen weight uptake across the transverse section of mesophase pitch fibers, and allowed the improvement of the mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Carbon Materials Engineering)
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