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Polymers
Special Issues
Recent Progress in 3D/4D Printing
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Recent Progress in 3D/4D Printing

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 3692

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hesheng Xia

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Engineering Materials, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, China
Interests: graphene nancomposites; dynamic polymer and mechanochemistry; polymer materiasls for 3D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaomeng Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Material Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: 3D-printed materials and technology; thermally conductive polymer-based composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) is a "bottom-up" material-accumulation manufacturing technology. This novel technology is not only simple to operate but also has a lower manufacturing cost and can be quickly generated. Moreover, 3D printing technology can fabricate bespoke objects with intricate internal structures. Therefore, 3D printing has been a representative technology of the third industrial revolution. In recent years, 3D printing technology has been widely applied in various fields, such as organic synthetic chemistry, electro- and biomechanical sensors, tissue engineering, functional materials, and so on.

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that combines three-dimensional (3D) printing with smart (stimuli-responsive) materials. Current 3D printing technologies can print objects in complex shapes, previously impossible with traditional fabrication methods. However, these objects are usually static and have a fixed geometry. The structures obtained by 4D printing technology are spacetime dependent and can change their shape and/or properties over time when exposed to different external stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, magnetic field, electricity, and moisture, and these changes can be pre-designed and well-controlled. Recently, 4D printing has attracted significant interest from various disciplines, including additive manufacturing, functional materials, medicine, robotics, wearable devices, triboelectric nanogenerators, and biomaterials.

Therefore, the development of 3D/4D printing technology is of great significance for the progress of industry. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the progress and applications of 3D/4D printing materials and technologies.

Prof. Dr. Hesheng Xia
Dr. Xiaomeng Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • 4D printing
  • printable polymers
  • fused deposition modeling
  • selective laser sintering
  • direct ink writing
  • stereolithography
  • digital light processing

Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 5609 KiB  
Article
3D-Printed Polyamide 12/Styrene–Acrylic Copolymer–Boron Nitride (PA12/SA–BN) Composite with Macro and Micro Double Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Structures
by Minhang Chen, Xiaojie Chen, Junle Zhang, Bingfeng Xue, Shangyu Zhai, Haibo She, Yuancheng Zhang, Zhe Cui, Peng Fu, Xinchang Pang, Minying Liu and Xiaomeng Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2780; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132780 - 22 Jun 2023
Viewed by 972
Abstract
Anisotropic thermally conductive composites are very critical for precise thermal management of electronic devices. In this work, in order to prepare a composite with significant anisotropic thermal conductivity, polyamide 12/styrene–acrylic copolymer–boron nitride (PA12/SA–BN) composites with macro and micro double anisotropic structures were fabricated [...] Read more.
Anisotropic thermally conductive composites are very critical for precise thermal management of electronic devices. In this work, in order to prepare a composite with significant anisotropic thermal conductivity, polyamide 12/styrene–acrylic copolymer–boron nitride (PA12/SA–BN) composites with macro and micro double anisotropic structures were fabricated successfully using 3D printing and micro-shear methods. The morphologies and thermally conductive properties of composites were systematically characterized via SEM, XRD, and the laser flash method. Experimental results indicate that the through-plane thermal conductivity of the composite is 4.2 W/(m·K) with only 21.4 wt% BN, which is five times higher than that of the composite with randomly oriented BN. Simulation results show that the macro-anisotropic structure of the composite (caused by the selective distribution of BN) as well as the micro-anisotropic structure (caused by the orientation structure of BN) both play critical roles in spreading heat along the specified direction. Therefore, as-obtained composites with double anisotropic structures possess great potential for the application inefficient and controllable thermal management in various fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in 3D/4D Printing)
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Review

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23 pages, 7594 KiB  
Review
Advancements and Limitations in 3D Printing Materials and Technologies: A Critical Review
by Syed Fouzan Iftekar, Abdul Aabid, Adibah Amir and Muneer Baig
Polymers 2023, 15(11), 2519; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15112519 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 15242
Abstract
3D printing has revolutionized various industries by enabling the production of complex designs and shapes. Recently, the potential of new materials in 3D printing has led to an exponential increase in the technology’s applications. However, despite these advancements, the technology still faces significant [...] Read more.
3D printing has revolutionized various industries by enabling the production of complex designs and shapes. Recently, the potential of new materials in 3D printing has led to an exponential increase in the technology’s applications. However, despite these advancements, the technology still faces significant challenges, including high costs, low printing speeds, limited part sizes, and strength. This paper critically reviews the recent trends in 3D printing technology, with a particular focus on the materials and their applications in the manufacturing industry. The paper highlights the need for further development of 3D printing technology to overcome its limitations. It also summarizes the research conducted by experts in this field, including their focuses, techniques, and limitations. By providing a comprehensive overview of the recent trends in 3D printing, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the technology’s prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in 3D/4D Printing)
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