Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Frailty and Cognitive Status in Aging

Dear Colleagues,

The world population is experiencing significant aging which has resulted in rising proportions of older persons, estimating to reach 1.2 and 2 billion people over 60 years of age by 2025 and 2050, respectively. The aging of world population occurs at different velocities and with great variability and heterogeneity in the response, adaptation, and physiological-psychological changes throughout the life course. Therefore, aging should be understood as a process in which chronological and biological age interact but can evolve at different speeds, favoring a healthier and belated aging or, on the contrary, a premature and less healthy aging.

The multifactorial nature of biological age is initially determined by the genetic profile of each person, which will largely establish part of the molecular changes and the rate of functional decline of the organic systems throughout the aging process. However, it has been demonstrated that molecular changes and functional decline are determined not only by genetics but also by other dimensions, among which lifestyles, including nutrition and physical activity/exercise, may influence both dimensions and consequently the evolution of the biological age. Therefore, it is important to fully determine how lifestyles such as nutritional pattern and physical activity affect the principal physiological and psychological changes that occur in aging. There is increasing evidence about the effects of diet quality, adherence to Mediterranean diet, and physical activity/exercise behaviors on frailty, cognition, and aging. In this regard, frailty and cognitive decline are two of the most relevant consequences associated with the aging process affecting quality of life, functionality, and independence in older adults.

The objective of this proposed Special Issue on “Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Frailty and Cognitive Status in Aging” is to publish selected papers describing how lifestyles including nutrition and physical activity influence the main health problems associated with aging. Particularly, papers (reviews and randomized control trial or experimental studies) dealing with the role of nutrition and physical activity on the prevention and treatment of frailty, cognition, and dementia, and the related molecular changes, will be included.

Dr. David Jiménez Pavón
Guest Editor

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