Evolution of Viral Virulence

A special issue of Microbiology Research (ISSN 2036-7481).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2024) | Viewed by 773

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Foreign Animal Disease, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY 10950, USA
Interests: virology; virus–host interactions; vaccines; innate immunity; RNA virus; DNA virus; foreign animal diseases; RNA recombination

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Foreign Animal Disease, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY 10950, USA
Interests: evolution; pathogenesis; vaccines
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of viral virulence is a complex and dynamic process influenced by multiple factors, including the host immune system, availability of susceptible hosts, and competition between different viral strains (co-infections). Distinct (weak or strong) immune responses can put selective pressure on a virus to evolve to cause either milder or more virulent infections. This leads to a co-evolutionary arms race, with the virus constantly evolving to evade host immunity and the host immune system evolving to defend against new viral strains. The outcome of this arms race will depend on the intrinsic features of a virus, such as the rate of mutation, quasispecies, and recombination capabilities to increase infectivity and transmissibility, which could lead to zoonotic spillovers.

In this Special Issue, we will focus on the most recent advances related to the evolution of viral virulence (RNA and DNA viruses) and their effects on zoonotic spillovers as well as the emergence of infectious diseases. Topics include virus–host coevolution and zoonoses, immune evasion, virulence evolution, coinfection, virus recombination, viral quasispecies, etc. We encourage all types of manuscripts (e.g., reviews, research articles, and short communications) that further the discussion of the evolution of viral virulence.

Dr. Gisselle N. Medina
Dr. Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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8 pages, 2857 KiB  
Case Report
First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Fowl Aviadenovirus Serotype 11 from Broiler Chickens in Chile
by Leandro Cádiz, Miguel Guzmán, Fernando Navarrete, Paulina Torres and Hector Hidalgo
Microbiol. Res. 2024, 15(2), 626-633; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15020041 - 23 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) is a member of the Aviadenovirus genus within the Adenoviridae family. FAdVs are divided into five species based on genomic differences: Fowl aviadenovirus A to Fowl aviadenovirus E (FAdV-A to FAdV-E). They are classified into twelve serotypes (FAdV-1 to FAdV-8a [...] Read more.
Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) is a member of the Aviadenovirus genus within the Adenoviridae family. FAdVs are divided into five species based on genomic differences: Fowl aviadenovirus A to Fowl aviadenovirus E (FAdV-A to FAdV-E). They are classified into twelve serotypes (FAdV-1 to FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b to FAdV-11) through cross-neutralization tests. FAdVs are mainly associated with hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE), and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The serotypes commonly involved in IBH are FAdV-2, FAdV-11, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b. IBH causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry, mainly due to high mortality, reduced productivity, and immunosuppression. This is the first case report on IBH in Chile caused—according to post-mortem findings, molecular analysis, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis—by FAdV-11. Since the serotype had not previously been reported in Chile, continued monitoring of IBH cases is required to determine the serotype of the circulating FAdVs and adapt preventative vaccination programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Viral Virulence)
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