Expression and Function of CD44 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. CD44 Expression
Sample Type | Method(s) & Antibodies | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
31 epithelial ovarian tumors (24 serous, 5 endometrioid, 2 clear cell) | RT-PCR, IHC pan-CD44 (clone 25.32) CD44v3 (clone BBA11) CD44v4 (clone 11.10) CD44v6 (clone 11.9) CD44v9 (clone 11.24) | High expression of CD44s and CD44v9 in EOC; lack of association between CD44v and prognosis | [17] |
21 epithelial ovarian tumors (13 serous, 2 endometrioid, 6 mucinous) | RT-PCR | CD44s amplified in all specimens; CD44R1/s ratio higher in metastases than in primary tumors | [44] |
22 epithelial ovarian tumors (9 serous, 8 mucinous, 5 undifferentiated) | IHC CD44v5 (clone VFF-8) CD44v6 (clone VFF-7) CD44v7-8 (clone VFF-17) | Low CD44v5, v6, and v7-8 expression | [45] |
44 epithelial ovarian tumors (26 serous, 12 mucinous, 6 other) | IHC CD44 v3-10 (clone 1.1ASML) | Association between increased CD44v expression and reduced survival | [24] |
11 ovarian tumors (6 serous, 1 endometrioid, 2 clear cell, 1 yolk sac, 1 dysgerminoma) | IHC CD44v1-10 CD44v6 (clone 2F10) CD44v9 | Expression of CD44v6 involved in nodal metastasis | [42] |
76 epithelial ovarian tumors (20 benign, 36 borderline; 20 carcinoma: 10 serous, 10 mucinous) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone 2C5) CD44v3 (clone 3G5) CD44v6 (clone 2F10) | CD44 isoforms in ovarian borderline tumors of littlediagnostic and prognostic value | [46] |
43 epithelial ovarian tumors (29 serous, 6 mucinous, 5 clear cell, 3 endometrioid) | IHC CD44v6 (clone BBA13) | CD44v6 expression greater in recurrent tumors compared to primary | [47] |
56 epithelial ovarian tumors (38 serous, 6 poorly differentiated, 5 mucinous, 3 clear cell, 2 mixed Müllerian, 2 endometrioid | IHC pan-CD44 (clone SFF-304) | CD44 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival | [15] |
115 epithelial ovarian tumors carcinomas (50 serous, 19 mucinous, 16 endometrioid, 30 clear cell), 32 low malignant potential (LMP) tumors (3 serous, 29 mucinous), 53 cystadenomas (14 serous, 39 mucinous) | RT-PCR, IHC pan-CD44 (clone DF1485) CD44v3 (clone 3G5) CD44v6 (clone 2F10) | CD44 expression upregulated during ovarian carcinoma development, but down-regulated during progression; loss of CD44v3 expression predicts poor prognosis | [13] |
56 epithelial ovarian tumors (40 serous, 5 mucinous, 3 endometrioid, 5 clear cell, 3 undifferentiated) | IHC CD44v6 (clone 2F10) | No significant change in CD44v6 expression in primary and matched metastatic sites | [39] |
50 epithelial ovarian tumors (25 serous, 10 mucinous, 9 endometrioid, 6 other) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone SFF-2) CD44v5 (clone VFF-8) CD44v6 (clone VFF-7) CD44v7-8 (clone VFF-9) CD44v10 (clone VFF-14) | High expression of CD44v5; CD44v5 and v6 associated with intraperitoneal implantation | [48] |
28 epithelial ovarian tumors (all serous; 1 well-differentiated, 12 moderately differentiated, 15 poorly differentiated) | IHC pan-CD44 CD44v5 (clone VFF-8) CD44v6 (clone VFF-7) CD44v7-8 (clone VFF-17) | Increased expression of CD44s and CD44v5 in stage III compared with stage I tumors. | [25] |
101 epithelial ovarian tumors (45 serous, 9 endometroid, 5 clear cell 5 mucinous; 18 LMP: 13 serous, 4 mucinous-GI type, 1 endometrioid) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone A3D8) | Decreased expression of CD44s associated with shortened survival | [26] |
142 epithelial ovarian tumors (93 serous, 15 mucinous, 14 endometrioid, 21 LMP) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone 2C5) CD44v3 (clone 3G5) CD44v4 (ATCC 257-HB) CD44v5 (clone VFF-8) CD44v6 (ATCC 256-HB) CD44v9 (ATCC 258-HB) CD44v10 (clone VFF-14) | Expression of CD44s, CD44v4, CD44v6, and CD44v10 in primary EOC associated with increased survival | [27] |
307 epithelial ovarian tumors (109 serous, 31 mucinous, 82 endometrioid, 32 clear cell, 53 other) | IHC pan-CD44(clones 2C5, DF1485) | High CD44 expression associated with favorable prognosis | [16] |
83 epithelial ovarian tumors (31 serous, 4 mucinous, 3 mixed, 3 clear cell, 7 poorly differentiated; 14 borderline, 21 benign) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone DF1485) | No correlation between CD44 and survival | [49] |
158 epithelial ovarian tumors (95 malignant serous, 23 benign, 40 borderline) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone DF1485) CD44v6 (clone VFF-7) | Overexpression of CD44 associated with high grade, advanced stage, and low overall survival rate | [14] |
57 epithelial ovarian tumors (all serous) | IHC CD44v6 (VFF-18) | CD44 expression higher in borderline and carcinomas compared to benign, but no significant correlation with clinicopathological factors | [35] |
62 epithelial ovarian tumors (45 serous, 5 mucinous, 8 endometrioid, 4 undifferentiated) | IHC CD44v6 (clone VFF-7) | CD44v6 an important molecular marker for poor prognosis | [36] |
65 epithelial ovarian tumors (all serous) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone IM7) CD44v6 (clone VFF-18) | CD44v6 expression associated with progression, metastasis, and relapse | [37] |
72 epithelial ovarian tumors (all serous: 14 well-differentiated, 36 moderately differentiated, 22 poorly differentiated) | IHC pan-CD44 (clone DF1485) | No change in expression between primary tumors and peritoneal metastases; Increased CD44 expression in patients with metastases | [30] |
483 primary epithelial ovarian tumors (393 serous, 35 endometrioid, 16 clear cell, 11 transitional cell, 28 other) 127 paired primary and recurrent tumors | IHC pan-CD44(clone 156-3C11) | CD44 expression associated with high grade and advanced stage carcinoma, but not with overall survival; no statistical difference in CD44 expression between primary and recurrent disease | [33] |
26 paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent epithelial ovarian tumors from well-characterized late-stage ovarian cancer patients | IHC pan-CD44(clone 156-3C11) | Significant association between CD44 expression and both disease-free and overall survival | [32] |
3. Post-Translational Modifications of CD44
4. CD44 and Stemness
5. CD44 in Peritoneal Adhesion
6. Therapeutic Targeting of CD44
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sacks, J.D.; Barbolina, M.V. Expression and Function of CD44 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2015, 5, 3051-3066. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5043051
Sacks JD, Barbolina MV. Expression and Function of CD44 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Biomolecules. 2015; 5(4):3051-3066. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5043051
Chicago/Turabian StyleSacks, Joelle D., and Maria V. Barbolina. 2015. "Expression and Function of CD44 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma" Biomolecules 5, no. 4: 3051-3066. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5043051