Application of a Nitric Oxide Sensor in Biomedicine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nitric Oxide Sensors
Sensor class | Internal filling solution | Composition | Sensitivity | Miniturization |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shibuki-style | Electrolyte | Platinum and silver | Variable over time and between sensors | Not possible |
Solid permselective | Eliminated | Carbon | Multiple membranes discriminate interference molecules | Possible |
Solid catalytic | Eliminated | Mediator incorporated in electrode surface or in permselective membrane | Minimize interference molecules | Possible |
3. Nitric Oxide in Arterial Endothelium
4. Nitric Oxide in the Venous Endothelium
5. Nitric Oxide in Erythrocytes
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Palmer, R.M.J.; Ashton, D.S.; Moncada, S. Vascular endothelium cells synthesize nitric oxide from l-arginine. Nature 1988, 333, 664–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michel, T.; Feron, O. Nitric oxide synthase: Which, where, how and why? J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 100, 2146–2152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ignarro, L.J. Nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule in the vascular system: A historical overview. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2002, 53, 503–514. [Google Scholar]
- Griffith, O.W.; Stuehr, D.J. Nitric oxide synthases: Properties and catalytic mechanism. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1995, 57, 707–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guzik, T.J.; West, N.E.J. Vascular superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase: Association with endothelium dysfunction and clinical risk factors. Circ. Res. 2000, 86, e85–e90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramndriamboavony, V.; Fleming, I. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in platelets: How is regulated and what is it doing there? Pharmacol. Rep. 2005, 57 (Suppl.), 59–65. [Google Scholar]
- Bloch, K.D.; Janssens, S. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of nitric oxide synthase 3: Impact on left ventricular function and myocardial infarction. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2005, 15, 249–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liao, J.C.; Hein, T.W.; Vaughn, M.W.; Huang, K.T. Intravascular flow decreases erythrocyte consumption of nitric oxide. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 8757–8761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lugnier, C.; Keravis, T.; Eckly-Mychel, A. Cross talk between NO and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the modulation of signal transduction in blood vessel. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1999, 50, 639–652. [Google Scholar]
- Pries, A.R.; Kuebler, W.M. Normal endothelium. Hand. Exp. Pharmacol. 2006, 176, 1–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, D.K.; Winocour, P.; Farringhton, K. Endothelial cell dysfunction, medial arterial calcification and osteoprotegerin in diabetes. Brit. J. Diab. Vasc. Dis. 2010, 10, 71–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wadsworth, R.; Stankevicius, E.; Simonsen, U. Physiologically relevant measurements of nitric oxide in cardiovascular research using electrochemical microsensors. J. Vasc. Res. 2006, 43, 70–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hall, C.N.; Garthwaite, J. What is the real physiological NO concentration in vivo? Nitric Oxide 2009, 21, 92–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takarada, S.; Imanishi, T.; Goto, M.; Mochizuki, S.; Ikejima, H.; Tsujioka, H.; Kuroi, A.; Takeshita, T.; Akasaka, T. First evaluation of real-time nitric oxide changes in the coronary circulation in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy using a catheter-type sensor. Eur. Heart J. 2010, 31, 2862–2870. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zang, X. Real time and in vivo monitoring of nitric oxide by electrochemical sensors—From dream to reality. Front Biosci. 2004, 1, 3434–3446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carvalho, F.A.; Martins-Silva, J.; Saldanha, C. Amperometric measurements of nitric oxide in erythrocytes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2004, 20, 505–508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogdan, C. Nitric oxide and the immune response. Nat. Immunol. 2001, 2, 907–916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malinski, T.; Taha, Z. Nitric oxide release from a single cell measured in situ by a porphyrinic-based microsensor. Nature 1992, 358, 676–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casero, E.; Pariente, F.; Lorenzo, E.; Beyer, L.; Losada, J. Electrocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide at 6,17-diferrocenyldibenzo[b,i]5,9,14,18-tetraaza[14]annulen-nickel(II) modified electrodes. Electroanalysis 2001, 13, 1411–1415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ciszewski, A.; Milczarek, G. Electrochemical detection of nitric oxide using polymer modified electrodes. Talanta 2003, 61, 11–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bedioui, F.; Villeneuvre, N. Electrochemical nitric oxide sensors for biological samples-principle, selected examples and applications. Electroanalysis 2003, 15, 5–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bedioui, F.; Trevin, S.; Albin, V.; Villegas, M.G.G.; Devynck, J. Design and characterization of chemically modified electrodes with iron(III) porphyrinic-based polymers: Study of their reactivity toward nitrites and nitric oxide in aqueous soulution. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1997, 341, 177–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diab, N.; Schuhmann, W. Electropolymerized manganese porphyrin/polypyrrole films as catalytic surfaces for the oxidation of nitric oxide. Electrochim. Acta. 2001, 47, 265–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.J.; Shang, L.B.; Pang, J.T.; Li, G.X. A reagentless nitric oxide biosensor based on haemoglobin/polyethyleneimine film. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 2003, 38, 119–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Markus, M.; Pariente, F.; Wu, Q.; Toffanin, A.; Shapleigh, J.P.; Abruna, H.D. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide at electrodes modified with electropolymerized films of [Cr(v-tpy)2]3+ and their application to cellular NO determinations. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3128–3134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meulemans, A. Continuous monitoring of N-nitroso-L-arginine using micro carbon electrode in rat brain. Neurosci. Lett. 1993, 157, 7–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shin, J.H.; Privett, B.J.; Kita, J.M.; Wightman, R.M.; Schoenfisch, M.H. Fluorinated Xerogel-derived microelectrodes for amperometric nitric oxide sensing. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 6850–6859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kitamura, Y.; Uzawa, T.; Oka, K.; Komai, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Talizawa, N.; Kobayashi, H.; Tanishita, K. Microcoaxial electrode for in vivo nitric oxide measurement. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 2957–2962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mao, L.Q.; Yamamoto, K.; Zhou, W.L.; Jin, L.T. Electrochemical nitric oxide sensors based on electropolymerized film of M(salen) with central ions of Fe, Co, Cu, and Mn. Electroanalysis 2000, 12, 72–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shibuli, K. An electrochemical microprobe for detecting nitric oxide release in brain tissue. Neurosci. Res. 1990, 9, 69–76. [Google Scholar]
- Vallance, P.; Patton, S.; Bhagat, K.; Macallister, R.; Radomski, M.; Moncada, S.; Malinski, T. Direct measurement of nitric oxide in human beings. Lancet 1995, 346, 153–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brovlkovych, V.; Stolarczyk, E.; Oman, J.; Tomboulian, P.; Malinski, T.J. Direct electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide in vascular endothelium. Pharm. Biomed.Anal. 1999, 19, 135–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brown, F.O.; Finnerty, N.J.; Lowry, J.P. Nitric oxide monitoring in brain extracellular fluid: Characterization of Nafion®-modified Pt electrodes in vitro and in vivo. Analyst 2009, 134, 2012–2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Griveau, S.; Dumezy, C.; Seguin, J.; Chabot, G.G.; Sherman, D.; Bedioui, F. In vivo electrochemical detection of nitric oxide in tumor-bearing mice. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 1030–1033. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dormandy, J.; Ernst, E.; Matrai, A.; Flute, P.T. Hemorrheological changes following acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 1982, 104, 1364–1367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gaimi, G.; Serra, A.; Presti, C.R.L.; Sarno, A.; Gerasola, G. Red cell metabolic parameters rheological determinants in essential hypertension. Clin. Hemorheol. 1993, 13, 35–44. [Google Scholar]
- Jay, R.H.; Rampling, M.W.; Betteridge, D.J. Abnormalities of blood rheology in familial hypercholesterolemia: Effects of treatment. Atherosclerosis 1990, 85, 249–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khodabandehlou, T.; Le Deveat, C.; Razavian, M.; Boynard, M. Functional capacity of fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation in the diabetic. J. Mal. Vasc. 1994, 19, 278–282. [Google Scholar]
- Félétou, M.; Köhlerm, R.; Vanhoute, P.M. Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors and hypertension: Possible roles in pathogenesis and as treatment targets. Curr. Hypertens. 2010, 12, 267–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vanhoute, P.M. Endothelial dysfunction the first step toward coronary arteriosclerosis. Circ. J. 2009, 73, 595–601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Griendling, K.K.; Sorescu, D.; Ushio-Fucai, M. NAD(P)H oxidase: Role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ. Res. 2000, 86, 494–501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sorecu, D.; Weiss, D.; Lassegue, B.; Campus, R.E.; Szocs, K.; Sorecu, G.P.; Valppu, L.; Quinn, M.T.; Lambeth, J.D.; Veja, J.D.; Taylor, W.R.; Griendling, K.K. Superoxide production and expression of Nox family proteins in human atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002, 105, 1429–1435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.; Wallerath, T.; Münze, T.; Förstermann, U. Regulation of endothelial-type NO synthase expression in pathology and I response to drugs. Nitric Oxide Biol. Chem. 2002, 7, 149–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Drummond, G.R.; Cai, H.; Davies, M.E.; Ramasamy, S.; Harrison, D.G. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by hydrogen peroxide. Circ. Res. 2000, 86, 347–354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ludewig, B.; Zinkernagel, R.M.; Hengar, T.H. Arterial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thends Cardiovasc. Med. 2002, 12, 154–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sogo, N.; Magid, K.S.; Shawca, C.A.; Webb, D.Y.; Meyson, I.L. Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by nitric oxide donor drugs: Relative contribution of cGMP-independent mechanism. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum. 2000, 279, 412–419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.Y.; Ho, H.K,; Lin, P.S.; Pollman, M.J.; Gibbons, G.H.; Tsao, P.S.; Cooke, J.P. Regression of atherosclerosis: Role of nitric oxide and apoptosis. Circulation 1999, 99, 1236–1241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kocks, M.M.; Knaapen, M.W. The role of apoptosis in vascular disease. J. Pathol. 2000, 190, 267–280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Napoli, C.; Ignaro, L.I. Nitric oxide and pathogenic mechanisms involved in development of vascular disease. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2009, 32, 1103–1108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyamina, N.P.; Lyamina, S.V.; Senchiknin, V.N.; Mallet, R.T.; Downey, H.F.; Manukhina, E.B. Normobaric hypoxi conditioning reduces blood pressure and normalizes nitric oxide synthesis in patients with arterial hypertension. J. Hypertens. 2011, 29, 2265–2272. [Google Scholar]
- Moya, M.P.; Gow, A.J.; Califf, R.M.; Goldberg, R.N.; Stamler, J.S. Inhalated ethyl nitrite gas for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Lancet 2002, 360, 141–143. [Google Scholar]
- Wilkins, M.R.; Aldashev, A.; Morrell, N.W. Nitric oxide, phosphodiesterase inhibition and adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Lancet 2002, 359, 539–1540. [Google Scholar]
- Gosh, R.; Sawant, O.; Ganpathy, P.; Pitre, S.; Kadam, V.J. Posphodiesterase inhibitors: Their role and implications. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 2009, 1, 1148–1160. [Google Scholar]
- Herman, A.G.; Moncada, S. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors in prevention and treatement of atherosclerosis. Eur. Heart. J. 2005, 26, 1945–1955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lundberg, J. Nitric oxide metabolites and cardiovascular disease markers, mediators, or both? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006, 47, 580–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wallace, J.I.; Ignarro, L.J.; Fiorucci, S. Potential cardioprotective actions of NO-releasing aspirin. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2002, 1, 375–382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lazzarato, L.; Donnola, M.; Rolando, B.; Chegaev, K.; Marini, E.; Cena, C.; Di Stilo, A.; Fruttero, R.; Biondi, S.; Ongini, E.; Gasco, A. Nitrooxyacyloxy methyl esters of aspirin as novel nitric oxide releasing aspirins. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 5058–5068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Förstermann, U. Nitric oxide and oxidative stressing vascular disease. Pflügers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 2010, 459, 923–939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dal-Ros, S.; Zoll, J.; Lang, A.L.; Auger, C.; Keller, N.; Bronner, C.; Geny, B.; Schini-Kerth, V.B. Chronic intake of red wine polyphenols by young rats prevents aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and decline in physical performance: Role of NADPH oxidase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2011, 401, 743–749. [Google Scholar]
- Pinto, V.; Brunini, T.; Ferraz, M.R.; Okinga, A.; Mendes-Ribeiro, A.C. Depression and cardiovascular disease: Role of nitric oxide. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem. 2008, 6, 142–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kapil, V.; Webb, A.J.; Ahluwalia, A. Iinorganic nitrate and the cardiovascular system. Heart 2010, 96, 1703–1709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, Y.; Jiang, H.; Bryan, N.S. Nitrite and nitrate: Cardiovascular risk-benefit and metabolic effect. Curr. Opin. Lipid. 2011, 22, 11–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blakenberg, S.; Rupprecht, H.J.; Bickel, C.; Torzewski, M.; Hafner, G.; Tiret, L.; Smieja, M.; Cambiem, F.; Meyer, J.; Lackner, K.J.; for the AtheroGene Investigators. Gluthathione peroxidase 1 activity and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 349, 1605–1613. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhandary, U.; Tse, W.; Yang, B.; Knowles, M.R.; Demaine, A.G. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease in renal transplantation. Nephrology 2008, 13, 348–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mollsten, A.; Lajer, M.; Jorsal, A.; Tamow, L. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and risk of diabetic nephropathy and development of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Mol. Gen. Metab. 2009, 97, 80–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carvalho, F.A; Saldanha, C.; Silva, J.M.E. Doseamento electroquímico do monóxido de azoto em células endotelias humans. RFML 2003, 8, 205–212. [Google Scholar]
- Travers, J.P.; Brookes, C.E.; Evan, J.; Baker, D.M.; Kent, C.; Makin, G.S.; Mayhew, T.M. Assessment of wall structure and composition of varicose vein with reference to collagen, elastin and smooth muscle content. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 1996, 11, 230–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venturi, M.; Bonavina, L.; Annoni, F.; Colombo, L.; Butera, C.; Peracchia, A.; Mussini, E. Biochemical assay of collagen and elastin in the normal and varicose vein wall. J. Surg. Res. 1996, 60, 245–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michiels, C.; Arnould, T.; Knott, I.; Dieu, M.; Remacle, J. Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by human endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. 1993, 264, C866–C874. [Google Scholar]
- Michiels, C.; Arnould, T.; Remacle, J. Hypoxia-induced activation of endothelial cells as a possible cause of venous diseases: Hypothesis. Angiology 1993, 44, 639–646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michiels, C.; Bouaziz, N.; Remacle, J. Role of the endothelium and blood stasis in the development of varicose veins. Int. Angiol. 2002, 21, 18–25. [Google Scholar]
- Michiels, C.; Renard, P.; Bouaziz, N.; Heck, N.; Eliaers, F.; Ninane, N.; Quarck, R.; Holvoet, P.; Raes, M. Identification of the phospholipase A2 isoforms that contribute to arachidonic acid release in hypoxic endothelial cells: Limits of phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002, 63, 321–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmid-Schönbein, G.W. Inflammation and the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebolymphology 2003, 39, 95–99. [Google Scholar]
- Eriksson, E.E.; Karlov, E.; Lundmark, K.; Rotzius, P.; Hedin, U.; Xie, X. Powerful inflammatory properties of large vein endothelium in vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2005, 25, 723–728. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Migliacci, R.; Becattini, C.; Pesavento, R.; Davi, G.; Vedovati, M.C.; Guglielmini, G.; Falcinelli, E.; Ciabattoni, G.; Valle, F.D.; Prandoni Pagnelli, G.; Gresele, P. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with spontaneous venous thromboembolism. Hemathology J. 2007, 92, 812–818. [Google Scholar]
- Blackman, D.J.; Morris-Thurgood, J.Á.; Atherton, J.J.; Ellis, G.R.; Anderson, R.A.; Cokcroft, J.R.; Frenneaux, M.P. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide contributes to the regulation of venous tone in humans. Circulation 2000, 101, 165–170. [Google Scholar]
- Martini, J.; Carpentier, B.; Chávez Negrete, A.; Cabrales, P.; Tsai, A.G.; Intaglietta, M. Benefitial effects due to increasing blood and plasma viscosity. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2006, 35, 51–57. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmed, E.T.; Maayah, M.F.; Asi, Y. Anodyne therapy versus exercise therapy in improving the healing rates of venous leg ulcer. Int. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2013, 13, 198–203. [Google Scholar]
- Foutaine, M.F.; Raduolovic, M.C.; Cardozo, C.P.; Spungen, A.M.; DeMeersman, R.E.; Bauman, W.A. Effects of acute nitric oxide synthase inhibition on lower leg vascular function in chronic tetraplegia. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 2009, 32, 538–544. [Google Scholar]
- Mortensen, S.; Askew, C.D.; Walker, M.; Nyberg, M.; Hellesten, Y. The hyperaemic response to passive leg movement is dependent on nitric oxide; a new tool to evaluate endothelial nitric oxide function. J. Physiol. 2012, 590, 4391–4000. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esper, R.J.; Nordaby, R.A.; Vilarino, J.O.; Paragano, A.; Cacharrón, J.L.; Machado, R.A. Endothelial dysfunction: A comprehensive appraisal. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2006, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vujanac, A.; Jakovljevic, V.; Djordevic, D.; Zivkovic, V.; Stojlovic, M.; Celikovic, N.; Skevin, A.J.; Djuric, D. Nitroglycerine effects on portal vein mechanics and oxidative stress in portal hypertension. World Gastroenterol. 2012, 18, 331–339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burroughs, A.K.; Thalheimer, U. Hepatic venous pressure gradient in 2010: Optimal measurement is key. Hepatology 2010, 51, 1894–1896. [Google Scholar]
- Rockey, D.C. Hepatic fibrosis, stellate cells, and portal hypertension. Clin. Liver Dis. 2006, 10, 459–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iwakiri, Y.; Groszmann, R.J. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 2007, 46, 927–934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zafra, C.; Abraldes, J.G.; Turnes, J.; Berzigotti, A.; Fernández, M.; Garca-Pagán, J.C.; Rodés, J.; Bosch, J. Simvastatin enhances hepatic nitric oxide production and decreases the hepatic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2004, 126, 749–755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MacMahomn, T.; Doctor, A. Extrapulmonary effects of inhalated nitric oxide. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006, 3, 153–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lane, P.; Gross, S. Hemoglobin as a chariot for NO bioactivity. Nature Med. 2002, 8, 657–658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jia, L.; Bonaventura, J.; Stamler, J.S. S-nitrosohaemoglobin: A dynamic activity of blood involved in vascular control. Nature 1996, 380, 221–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mesquita, R.; Martins-Silva, J.; Saldanha, C. Acetylcholine induces nitric oxide production by erythrocytes in vitro. Nitric Oxide Biol. Chem. 2000, 177, 313–314. [Google Scholar]
- Han, T.H.; Qamirani, E.; Nelson, A.G.; Hyduke, D.R.; Chaudhuri, G.; Kuo, L.; Liao, J.C. Regulation of nitric oxide consumption by hypoxic red blood cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.USA 2003, 100, 12504–12509. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, K.T.; Han, T.H.; Hyduke, D.R.; Vaughn, M.W.; Herle, H.V.; Hein, T.W.; Zang, C.; Kuo, L.; Liao, J.C. Modulation of nitric oxide bioavailability by erythrocytes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 11771–11775. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azarov, I.; Huang, K.T.; Basu, S.; Gladwin, M.T.; Hog, N.; Kim-Shapiro, D.B. Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cells as a function of hematocrit and oxygenation. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 19024–19032. [Google Scholar]
- Pawloski, J.R.; Hess, D.T.; Stamler, J.S. Impaired vasodilation by red blood cells in sickle cell disease. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 10, 2531–2536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, K.; Popel, A.S. Nitric oxide productions pathways in erythrocyte and plasma. Biorheology 2009, 46, 107–119. [Google Scholar]
- Galli, F.; Rossi, R.; Di Simplicio, P.; Floridi, A.; Canestrari, A. Protein thiols and glutathione influence the nitric oxide-dependent regulation of the red blood cell F metabolism. Nitric Oxide 2002, 6, 186–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujii, T.; Hamaoka, R.; Fujii, J.; Taniguchi, N. Redox capacity of cells affects inactivation of glutathione reductase by nitrosative stress. Archives Biochemical. Biophysica 2000, 378, 123–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rothwarf, D.M.; Scheraga, H.A. Equilibrium and kinetic constants for the thiol-disulfide interchange reaction between glutathione and dithiothreitol. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, 89, 7944–7948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zipser, Y.; Piade, A.; Kosower, N.S. Erythrocyte thiol status regulates band 3 phosphotyrosine level via oxidation/reduction of band 3-associated phosphotyrosine phosphatase. FEBS Lett. 1997, 406, 126–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopes de Almeida, J.P.; Carvalho, F.A; Silva-Herdade, A.S; Santos-Freitas, T.; Saldanha, C. Redox thiol status plays a central role in the mobilization and metabolism of nitric oxide in human red blood cells. Cell Biol. Inter. 2009, 33, 268–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopes de Almeida, J.P.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Saldanha, C. Fibrinogen-dependent signalling microvascular erythrocyte function: Implications on nitric oxide efflux. J. Membr. Biol. 2009, 231, 47–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balagopalakrishna, C.; Manoharan, P.T.; Abugo, O.O.; Rifkind, J.M. Production of superoxide from hemoglobin-bound oxygen under hypoxic conditions. Biochemistry 1996, 35, 6393–6398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pfeiffer, S.; Mayer, B. Lack of tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite generated at physiological pH. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 27280–27285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gladwin, M.T.; Wang, X.; Reiter, C.D. SNitrosohemoglobin is unstable in the reductive erythrocyte environment and lacks O2/NO-linked allosteric function. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 27818–27828. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mesquita, R.; Pires, I.; Saldanha, C.; Martins-Silva, J. Effects of acetylcholine and spermineNONOate on erythrocyte hemorheologic and oxygen carrying properties. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2001, 25, 153–163. [Google Scholar]
- Inal, M.E.; Egüz, A.M. The effects of isosorbide dinitrate on methemoglobin reductase enzyme activity and antioxidant states. Cell Biochem. Funct. 2004, 22, 129–133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carvalho, F.A.; Almeida, J.P.; Fernandes, I.O.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Saldanha, C. Non-neuronal cholinergic system and signal transduction pathways mediated by band 3 in red blood cells. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2008, 40, 207–227. [Google Scholar]
- Carvalho, F.A.; Lopes de Almeida, J.P.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Saldanha, C. Modulation of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and its association with G protein band 3 interactions. J. Membrane Biol. 2009, 228, 89–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zabala, L.; Saldanha, C.; Martins-Silva, J.; Souza-Ramalho, P. Red blood cell membrane integrity in primary open angle glaucoma: ex vivo and in vitro studies. Eye 1999, 13, 101–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saldanha, C.; Teixeira, P.; Santos-Freitas, T.; Napoleão, P. Timolol modulates erythrocyte nitric oxide bioavailability. J. Clin. Exp. Ophtalmol. 2013, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Izzotti, A.; Saccà, S.C.; Di Marco, B.; Penco, S.; Bassi, A.M. Antioxidant activity of timolol on endothelial cells and its relevance for glaucoma course. Eye 2008, 22, 445–453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Djanani, A.; Kaneider, N.C.; Meierhofer, C.; Sturn, D.; Dunzendorfer, S.; Wiedermann, C.J. Inhibition of neutrophil migration and oxygen free radical release by metipranolol and timolol. Pharmacology 2003, 68, 198–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ricci, B.; Minicucci, G.; Manfredi, A.; Santo, A. Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the newborn rat: Effects of hyperbarism and topical administration of timolol maleate. Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 1995, 233, 226–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopes de Almeida, J.P.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Saldanha, C. Fibrinogen-dependent signaling in microvascular erythrocyte function: Implications on nitric oxide flux. J. Membrane Biol. 2009, 231, 47–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopes de Almeida, J.P.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Saldanha, C. Evidence that the degree of band 3 phosphorylation modulates human erythrocytes nitric oxide efflux—In vitro model of fibrinogenemia. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2011, 49, 407–416. [Google Scholar]
- Saldanha, C.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Lopes de Almeida, J.P. Fibrinogen effects on erythrocyte nitric oxide mobilization in presence of acetylcholine. Life Sci. 2012, 91, 1017–1022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saldanha, C.; Freitas-Santos, T.; Lopes de Almeida, J.P. CD47 Agonist Peptide Effects on Human Erythrocyte Nitric Oxide Mobilization in Presence of Fibrinogen Poster Presentation (P002). In Program and Abstract Book; In Proceedings of XXIInd International Fibrinogen Workshop, Brighton, UK, 4–6 July 2012; p. 77.
- Carvalho, F.A.; Maria, A.V.; Braz Nogueira, J.; MGuerra, J.; Martins-Silva, J.; Saldanha, C. The relation between the erythrocyte nitric oxide and hemorheological parameters. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2006, 35, 341–347. [Google Scholar]
- Bonaventura, J. Clinical implications of the loss of vasoactive nitric oxide during red blood cell storage. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 19165–19166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ignarro, L.; Byrns, J.R.E.; Buga, G.M.; Wood, S.K. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ. Res. 1987, 61, 866–879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cannon, R.R.O., III.; Schechter, A.N.; Panza, J.; Ognibene, F.P.; Pease-Fye, M.E.; Waclawiw, M.A.; Shelhamer, J.H.; Gladwin, M.T. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on regional blood flow are consistent with intravascular nitric oxide delivery. J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 108, 279–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lobysheva, I.; Biller, P; Gallez, B; Beauloye, C; Balligand, J. Nitrosylated Hemoglobin levels in human venous erythrocytes correlate with vascular endothelial function measured by digital reactive hyperemia. PLoS One 2013, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ulker, P.; Gunduz, F.; Meiselman, H. J.; Baskurt, O.K. Nitric oxidegenerated by red blood cells following exposure to shear stress dilates isolated small mesenteric arteries under hypoxic conditions. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2013, 54, 357–369. [Google Scholar]
- Battista, S; Mengozzi, G.; Bar, F.; Cerutti, E.; Pollet, C.; Torchio, M.; Biasi, F.; Cavalli, G.; Sallizoni, M.; Poli, G.; Molino, G. Nitric oxide level profile in human liver transplantation. Digest. Dis. Sci. 2002, 47, 528–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Saldanha, C.; De Almeida, J.P.L.; Silva-Herdade, A.S. Application of a Nitric Oxide Sensor in Biomedicine. Biosensors 2014, 4, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios4010001
Saldanha C, De Almeida JPL, Silva-Herdade AS. Application of a Nitric Oxide Sensor in Biomedicine. Biosensors. 2014; 4(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios4010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaldanha, Carlota, José Pedro Lopes De Almeida, and Ana Santos Silva-Herdade. 2014. "Application of a Nitric Oxide Sensor in Biomedicine" Biosensors 4, no. 1: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios4010001