Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
Water Levels | Mean Estimated Value (2010) Chart Datum (CD) | Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum 1928 (CGVD28) |
---|---|---|
Extreme level (tide + storm surge) | 3.64 | 2.46 |
Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) | 2.84 | 1.66 |
Mean Sea Level (MSL) | 1.33 | 0.15 |
Lowest Astronomical tide (LAT) | 0.1 | −1.08 |
3. Methodology
3.1. Post-Storm Surveys
3.2. Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR Data Acquisition
3.3. Hydrodynamic Data Analysis
3.3.1. Wave Dataset
3.3.2. Determination of Near-Shore Wave Parameters
3.4. Wave Runup Estimation and Coastal Morphology
3.5. Sea-Level Rise Projection and Flood Mapping
3.5.1. Sea-Level Analysis
3.5.2. Estimation of Return Periods for Extreme Water Levels
4. Results
4.1. Coastal Flood Mapping for the 6 December Event
4.1.1. Flood Event Analysis
4.1.2. Wave Runup Implications in Modelling Total Water Level for Flood Mapping
2010 flood characteristics | ||
---|---|---|
Coastline state | Natural beach | Coastal defense |
Wave components (m) | Runup | H0 |
1.02 | 1.63 | |
Time (UTC) | 20:00 | |
Predicted tide | 1.42 | |
Observed tide + Surge | 2.05 | |
Surge only | 0.63 | |
Estimated TWL (m) | 3.07 | 3.68 |
Mean observed TWL (m) (post-storm survey) | 2.83 | 3.69 |
Estimated flood area (km2) | Observed flood area (km2) | |
Entire study area | 0.267 | 0.179 |
West of Pluviers Street only | 0.096 | 0.092 |
East of Pluviers Street only | 0.171 | 0.087 |
West area with coastal structure | 0.005 | 0.006 |
4.2. Tidal Analysis and Sea-Level Trend
Estimated total water levels return periods | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||
Return Period | Level 2005 | Level 2010 | Level 2020 | Level 2030 |
1 year | 1.78 ± 0.11 | 1.80 ± 0.11 | 1.84 ± 0.11 | 1.89 ± 0.11 |
2 years | 1.95 ± 0.14 | 1.97 ± 0.14 | 2.02 ± 0.14 | 2.06 ± 0.15 |
10 years | 2.36 ± 0.30 | 2.38 ± 0.30 | 2.42 ± 0.30 | 2.46 ± 0.30 |
30 years | 2.63 ± 0.47 | 2.65 ± 0.47 | 2.69 ± 0.47 | 2.74 ± 0.47 |
50 years | 2.76 ± 0.57 | 2.79 ± 0.57 | 2.83 ± 0.57 | 2.87 ± 0.57 |
100 years | 2.94 ± 0.73 | 2.96 ± 0.73 | 3.00 ± 0.73 | 3.05 ± 0.73 |
(b) | ||||
Return Period | Level 2005 | Level 2010 | Level 2020 | Level 2030 |
1 year | 1.95 ± 0.11 | 1.97 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.11 | 2.05 ± 0.11 |
2 years | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 2.16 ± 0.15 | 2.20 ± 0.15 | 2.24 ± 0.15 |
10 years | 2.56 ± 0.31 | 2.58 ± 0.31 | 2.62 ± 0.31 | 2.66 ± 0.31 |
30 years | 2.82 ± 0.47 | 2.84 ± 0.47 | 2.88 ± 0.48 | 2.92 ± 0.48 |
50 years | 2.93 ± 0.57 | 2.95 ± 0.57 | 2.99 ± 0.57 | 3.03 ± 0.57 |
100 years | 3.08 ± 0.71 | 3.10 ± 0.71 | 3.14 ± 0.71 | 3.18 ± 0.71 |
5. Discussion
5.1. The Need for a Wave-Tide-Surge Integrated Approach
5.2. Inland Drainage and Sea-Level Rise
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Didier, D.; Bernatchez, P.; Boucher-Brossard, G.; Lambert, A.; Fraser, C.; Barnett, R.L.; Van-Wierts, S. Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2015, 3, 560-590. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3030560
Didier D, Bernatchez P, Boucher-Brossard G, Lambert A, Fraser C, Barnett RL, Van-Wierts S. Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2015; 3(3):560-590. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3030560
Chicago/Turabian StyleDidier, David, Pascal Bernatchez, Geneviève Boucher-Brossard, Adrien Lambert, Christian Fraser, Robert L. Barnett, and Stefanie Van-Wierts. 2015. "Coastal Flood Assessment Based on Field Debris Measurements and Wave Runup Empirical Model" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 3, no. 3: 560-590. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3030560