Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish Materials
Year class | Farms | Fish, no | Family, no | Sires, no | Dams, no | Fish per Family | TWT, g | TAG, day | AG, day | BW, g | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Min | Max | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | ||||||
2007 | NUC | 10,685 | 185 | 140 | 185 | 57 | 4 | 112 | 27 | 9 | 205 | 3 | 977 | 9 | 2431 | 600 |
PENorth | 924 | 155 | 125 | 155 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 27 | 9 | 205 | 2 | 959 | 6 | 2414 | 582 | |
PESouth | 2202 | 141 | 116 | 141 | 15 | 5 | 45 | 28 | 9 | 205 | 2 | 966 | 7 | 1880 | 442 | |
2010 | NUC | 6977 | 193 | 132 | 180 | 36 | 12 | 79 | 26 | 8 | 202 | 2 | 945 | 10 | 2715 | 569 |
PEMid | 2172 | 178 | 127 | 167 | 12 | 1 | 21 | 26 | 8 | 202 | 2 | 998 | 9 | 3365 | 673 | |
All farms | 22,960 | 379 | 273 | 367 | 28 | 9 | 204 | 3 | 966 | 19 | 2552 | 680 |
2.2. Test Environments
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.4.1. Univariate Analysis
2.4.2. Multivariate Analysis
2.4.3. Calculation of Genetic Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Heterogeneity of Genetic Variation
Year-class | Farm | ± s.e. | ± s.e.* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | NUC | 318,420 | 50,498 | 247,060 | 23.21 | 9.24 | 20.45 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
PENorth | 311,780 | 31,634 | 249,250 | 23.13 | 7.37 | 20.68 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | |
PESouth | 175,840 | 21,675 | 134,460 | 22.30 | 7.83 | 19.50 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | |
2010 | NUC | 305,970 | 78,629 | 205,300 | 20.37 | 10.33 | 16.69 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
PEMid | 444,830 | 34,401 | 375,410 | 19.82 | 5.51 | 18.21 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.08 ± 0.03 |
3.3. Genetic Correlations
Full-model a | Reduced-model a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farms | NUC | PENorth | PESouth | PEMid | PENorth | PESouth | PEMid |
NUC | 0.92 ± 0.38 | 0.96 ± 0.17 | 0.81 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.84 ± 0.05 | |
PENorth | 0.68 ± 0.18 | 0.07 ± 0.65 | - | 0.63 ± 0.11 | - | ||
PESouth | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.15 | - | - | |||
PEMid | 0.69 ± 0.23 | - | - |
4. Discussion
4.1. Genotype by Environment Interaction
4.2. Implications for Breeding
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bangera, R.; Drangsholt, T.M.K.; Nielsen, H.M.; Sae-Lim, P.; Ødegård, J.; Puvanendran, V.; Hansen, Ø.J.; Mortensen, A. Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2015, 3, 412-427. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3020412
Bangera R, Drangsholt TMK, Nielsen HM, Sae-Lim P, Ødegård J, Puvanendran V, Hansen ØJ, Mortensen A. Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2015; 3(2):412-427. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3020412
Chicago/Turabian StyleBangera, Rama, Tale M. K. Drangsholt, Hanne Marie Nielsen, Panya Sae-Lim, Jørgen Ødegård, Velmurugu Puvanendran, Øyvind J. Hansen, and Atle Mortensen. 2015. "Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 3, no. 2: 412-427. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3020412