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• Cerio, FGoñi de
• Lara-Celador, I
• Alvarez, A
• Hilario, E
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• Cerio, FGoñi de
• Lara-Celador, I
• Alvarez, A
• Hilario, E
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• Cerio, FGoñi de
• Lara-Celador, I
• Alvarez, A
• Hilario, E

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Brain Sci. 2013, 3(1), 191-214; doi:10.3390/brainsci3010191

Review

Neuroprotective Therapies after Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Felipe Goñi de Cerio ¹ , Idoia Lara-Celador ² , Antonia Alvarez ²  and Enrique Hilario ^2,*

¹ Biotechnology Area, GAIKER Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio Ed 202, 48170 Zamudio, Vizcaya, Spain ² Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, 48949 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 7 January 2013; in revised form: 13 February 2013 / Accepted: 22 February 2013 / Published: 5 March 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotection against Ischemic Brain Injury)

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Abstract: Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is one of the main causes of disabilities in term-born infants. It is the result of a deprivation of oxygen and glucose in the neural tissue. As one of the most important causes of brain damage in the newborn period, the neonatal HI event is a devastating condition that can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even death. The pattern of this injury occurs in two phases, the first one is a primary energy failure related to the HI event and the second phase is an energy failure that takes place some hours later. Injuries that occur in response to these events are often manifested as severe cognitive and motor disturbances over time. Due to difficulties regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of HI injury, there is an increasing need to find effective therapies as new opportunities for the reduction of brain damage and its long term effects. Some of these therapies are focused on prevention of the production of reactive oxygen species, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic interventions and in a later stage, the stimulation of neurotrophic properties in the neonatal brain which could be targeted to promote neuronal and oligodendrocyte regeneration.

Keywords: perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI); brain injury; neuroprotective strategies

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