Native Roadside Vegetation that Enhances Soil Erosion Control in Boreal Scandinavia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Site Descriptions
3. Sampling and Analysis
Site No. | Site Coordinates | Surrounding Vegetation Type |
---|---|---|
1 | N59°58' E12°53' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
2 | N59°55' E12°50' | Spruce forest of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) type |
3 | N60°16' E12°42' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
4 | N60°08' E12°57' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
5 | N59°92' E13°67' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
6 | N59°55' E13°40' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
7 | N59°52' E13°43' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
8 | N59°58' E12°53' | Pine forest of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) type |
9 | N59°55' E12°50' | Spruce forest of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) type |
4. Data Analysis
Species | Plant Functional Group |
---|---|
Agrostis capillaris L. | Graminoid |
Betula pendula Roth | Tree |
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull | Evergreen shrub |
Carex hirta L. | Graminoid |
Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. | Bryophyte |
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. | Lichen |
Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. | Lichen |
Cladonia ciliata Stirt. | Lichen |
Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. | Lichen |
Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vezda | Lichen |
Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. | Lichen |
Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot. | Lichen |
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. | Lichen |
Cladonia subulata (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. | Lichen |
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. | Graminoid |
Dicranum polysetum Sw. ex anon. | Bryophyte |
Dicranum scoparium Hedw. | Bryophyte |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Evergreen shrub |
Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. | Bryophyte |
Juncus compressus Jacq. | Graminoid |
Jungermannia gracillima Sm. | Lichen |
Linnaea borealis L. | Forb |
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. | Forb |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Forb |
Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. | Lichen |
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst | Tree |
Pinus sylvestris L. | Tree |
Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. | Bryophyte |
Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. | Bryophyte |
Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. | Bryophyte |
Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. | Bryophyte |
Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. | Bryophyte |
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. | Bryophyte |
Solidago virgaurea L. | Forb |
Sphagnum fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr. | Bryophyte |
Tortula truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. | Bryophyte |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Evergreen shrub |
5. Results
Variable | Eroded | Non-Eroded | p |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | |||
Trees | 3.4 (±2.5 | 8.3 (±3.5) | n.s. |
Evergreen shrubs | 4.3 (±3.0) | 25.2 (±9.7) | 0.027 |
Graminoids | 10.4 (±4.1) | 20.4 (±8.5) | n.s. |
Forbs | 1.7 (±1.7) | 3.6 (±3.6) | n.s. |
Bryophytes | 60.7 (±22.1) | 72.7 (±22.1) | n.s. |
Lichens | 19.1 (±8.7) | 33.7 (±11.8) | n.s. |
Total | 99.7 (±24.3) | 163.9 (±24.8) | 0.011 |
Number of species | |||
Trees | 0.4 (±0.18) | 0.9 (±0.26) | |
Evergreen shrubs | 0.3 (±0.17) | 0. 8 (±0.22) | |
Graminoids | 1.1 (±0.35) | 1.2 (±0.32) | |
Forbs | 0.1 (±0.11) | 0.4 (±0.44) | |
Bryophytes | 2. 6 (±0.88) | 2.8 (±0.66) | |
Lichens | 1. 7 (±0.47) | 1.6 (±0.50) | |
Total | 6.2 (±1.10) | 7.7 (±1.01) | n.s. |
Biomass (kg/m2) | 2.4 (±0.35) | 4.3 (±0.42) | <0.0001 |
Simpsons diversity index | 0.5 (±0.07) | 0.7 (±0.03) | n.s. |
Brillouins evenness index | 0.4 (±0.07) | 0.6 (±0.04) | n.s. |
Eigenvalues and Partitioning of Variance | Axes | Total Variance | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Eigenvalues | 0.249 | 0.158 | 0.131 | 0.118 | 1.000 |
Cumulative percentage variance of species data | 24.9 | 40.7 | 53.8 | 65.6 | |
Sum of all eigenvalues | 1.000 |
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jägerbrand, A.K.; Alatalo, J.M. Native Roadside Vegetation that Enhances Soil Erosion Control in Boreal Scandinavia. Environments 2014, 1, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments1010031
Jägerbrand AK, Alatalo JM. Native Roadside Vegetation that Enhances Soil Erosion Control in Boreal Scandinavia. Environments. 2014; 1(1):31-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments1010031
Chicago/Turabian StyleJägerbrand, Annika K., and Juha M. Alatalo. 2014. "Native Roadside Vegetation that Enhances Soil Erosion Control in Boreal Scandinavia" Environments 1, no. 1: 31-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments1010031