Temporal Variation of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Norwegian Cereals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Most Prevalent Fusarium spp. in Norwegian Cereals
Isolated Species | Wheat | Barley | Oats | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
F. avenaceum | 21.6 | 20.5 | 25.2 | 25.0 |
F. culmorum | 25.3 | 25.6 | 38.2 | 29.6 |
F. graminearum | 7.4 | 4.3 | 11.5 | 7.8 |
F. poae | 2.5 | 0.9 | - | 1.2 |
F. equiseti | 1.9 | 0.9 | - | 1.0 |
F. tricinctum | 0.6 | 0.8 | - | 0.5 |
Field | Kvithamar | Apelsvoll | Brandval | Norderås | Hauer | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | N-Trøndelag | Oppland | Hedmark | Akershus | Akershus | |
Isolated Species | ||||||
F. avenaceum | 32.3 | 4.0 | 45.5 | 5.9 | 12.4 | 20.0 |
F. culmorum | 1.4 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
F. graminearum | 2.1 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
F. poae | 5.4 | 6.3 | 4.0 | 13.0 | 10.7 | 7.9 |
F. tricinctum | 3.3 | 10.2 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 32.3 | 9.9 |
F. crookwellense | 3.0 | 0.05 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.9 |
Isolated species | South-East | Upper-East | Mid-Norway | South-West |
---|---|---|---|---|
F. avenaceum | 97.6 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
F. culmorum | 65.9 | 78.0 | 28.6 | 68.8 |
F. graminearum | 9.8 | 36.6 | 42.9 | 12.5 |
F. poae | 87.8 | 95.1 | 42.9 | 85.4 |
F. equiseti | 4.9 | 29.3 | 7.1 | 31.3 |
F. tricinctum | 70.7 | 65.9 | 50.0 | 77.1 |
F. sporotrichoides | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 8.3 |
F. langsethiae | 76.5 | 70.6 | 56.6 | 70.0 |
Isolated species | South-East | Upper-East | Mid-Norway | South-West |
---|---|---|---|---|
F. avenaceum | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 97.4 |
F. culmorum | 77.8 | 69.2 | 54.9 | 82.1 |
F. graminearum | 20.4 | 26.9 | 31.0 | 14.1 |
F. poae | 94.4 | 83.3 | 43.7 | 91.0 |
F. equiseti | 14.9 | 34.6 | 4.2 | 34.6 |
F. tricinctum | 90.7 | 93.6 | 62.0 | 100.0 |
F. sporotrichoides | 3.7 | 7.7 | 1.4 | 9.0 |
F. langsethiae | 71.4 | 84.0 | 62.5 | 73.3 |
Isolated species | South-East | Upper-East | Mid-Norway | South-West |
---|---|---|---|---|
F. avenaceum | 98.1 | 98.8 | 100.0 | 98.8 |
F. culmorum | 72.2 | 77.5 | 45.5 | 81.5 |
F. graminearum | 13.0 | 31.3 | 72.7 | 28.4 |
F. poae | 96.3 | 90.0 | 49.1 | 96.3 |
F. equiseti | 20.4 | 30.0 | 1.8 | 24.7 |
F. tricinctum | 83.3 | 90.0 | 65.5 | 88.9 |
F. sporotrichoides | 7.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 4.9 |
F. langsethiae | 95.5 | 96.3 | 30.0 | 88.5 |
3. Temporal Variation of Fusarium Species
4. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sundheim, L.; Brodal, G.; Hofgaard, I.S.; Rafoss, T. Temporal Variation of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Norwegian Cereals. Microorganisms 2013, 1, 188-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms1010188
Sundheim L, Brodal G, Hofgaard IS, Rafoss T. Temporal Variation of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Norwegian Cereals. Microorganisms. 2013; 1(1):188-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms1010188
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundheim, Leif, Guro Brodal, Inger S. Hofgaard, and Trond Rafoss. 2013. "Temporal Variation of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Norwegian Cereals" Microorganisms 1, no. 1: 188-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms1010188