Investigation on Hourly and Monthly Thermal Comfort in the Humid Tropics of Malaysia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
Gender | Age | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–19 | 20–30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | 51–60 | 61–70 | 71–80 | Blank | ||
Female | 44 | 228 | 154 | 68 | 22 | 4 | - | - | 520 |
Male | 35 | 148 | 92 | 65 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 369 |
blank | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Total | 79 | 376 | 247 | 133 | 40 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 890 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Prediction of Neutral Temperature during Wet and Dry Seasons
3.2. Prediction of Monthly Indoor Neutral Temperatures Using Linear Regression Model
Months | r | S | I | F | p-Value | No Votes | Neutral Temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 0.525 | 0.399 | −11.884 | 25.50 | 0.0000 | 69 | 29.8 |
February | 0.392 | 0.485 | −14.603 | 15.06 | 0.0002 | 85 | 30.1 |
March | 0.386 | 0.916 | −27.334 | 13.10 | 0.0005 | 77 | 29.8 |
April | 0.399 | 0.397 | −12.160 | 13.79 | 0.0004 | 75 | 30.6 |
May | 0.374 | 0.386 | −11.379 | 12.69 | 0.0006 | 80 | 29.5 |
June | 0.416 | 0.553 | −16.899 | 13.79 | 0.0004 | 68 | 30.6 |
July | 0.492 | 0.835 | −25.858 | 6.39 | 0.0200 | 22 | 31.0 |
August | 0.337 | 0.428 | −12.918 | 11.76 | 0.0009 | 94 | 30.2 |
September | 0.163 | 0.150 | −4.137 | 1.80 | 0.1839 | 68 | 27.6 |
October | 0.286 | 0.299 | −8.876 | 6.84 | 0.0107 | 79 | 29.7 |
November | 0.194 | 0.206 | −6.154 | 2.77 | 0.1003 | 74 | 29.9 |
December | 0.275 | 0.389 | −11.679 | 7.99 | 0.0057 | 99 | 30.0 |
3.3. Prediction of Hourly Indoor Neutral Temperatures Using Linear Regression Model
Hour | r | S | I | F | p-Value | No. Votes | Neutral Temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 0.132 | 0.293 | −9.673 | 0.23 | 0.6389 | 15 | 33.0 |
10 | 0.343 | 0.301 | −9.197 | 10.94 | 0.0014 | 84 | 30.5 |
11 | 0.245 | 0.289 | −8.658 | 6.08 | 0.0155 | 97 | 30.0 |
12 | 0.407 | 0.455 | −13.690 | 19.07 | 3.19 × 10−5 | 98 | 30.1 |
13 | 0.450 | 0.400 | −12.216 | 21.86 | 1.08 × 10−5 | 88 | 30.5 |
14 | 0.509 | 0.564 | −17.146 | 31.52 | 2.17 × 10−5 | 93 | 30.4 |
15 | 0.472 | 0.434 | −13.114 | 24.70 | 3.37 × 10−5 | 88 | 30.2 |
16 | 0.364 | 0.277 | −8.074 | 13.12 | 0.0005 | 88 | 29.1 |
17 | 0.309 | 0.284 | −8.403 | 8.96 | 0.0036 | 87 | 29.6 |
18 | 0.541 | 0.519 | −15.587 | 31.00 | 3.82 × 10−5 | 77 | 30.1 |
19 | 0.269 | 0.275 | −8.170 | 3.89 | 0.0542 | 52 | 29.7 |
3.4. Prediction of Monthly and Hourly Comfort Temperatures Using the Griffiths Method
Month | Ti(mean) | VASH(mean) | a = 0.1 | a = 0.2 | a = 0.3 | a = 0.4 | a = 0.5 | a = 0.6 | a = 0.7 | a = 0.8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 29.8 | 0 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 |
2 | 29.5 | −0.3 | 32.5 | 31 | 30.5 | 30.3 | 30.1 | 30.0 | 29.9 | 29.9 |
3 | 29.6 | −0.2 | 31.6 | 30.6 | 30.3 | 30.1 | 30 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 29.9 |
4 | 31.3 | 0.3 | 28.3 | 29.8 | 30.3 | 30.6 | 30.7 | 30.8 | 30.9 | 30.9 |
5 | 32.3 | 1.1 | 21.3 | 26.8 | 28.6 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 30.5 | 30.7 | 30.9 |
6 | 30.7 | 0.1 | 29.7 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 30.5 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 30.6 |
7 | 32.1 | 1 | 22.1 | 27.1 | 28.8 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 30.4 | 30.7 | 30.9 |
8 | 31.4 | 0.5 | 26.4 | 28.9 | 29.7 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.7 | 30.8 |
9 | 31.3 | 0.5 | 26.3 | 28.8 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 30.7 |
10 | 31.3 | 0.5 | 26.3 | 28.8 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 30.7 |
11 | 30.6 | 0.2 | 28.6 | 29.6 | 29.9 | 30.1 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 30.4 |
12 | 30.2 | 0.1 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30 | 30.0 | 30.1 | 30.1 |
Avg. | 30.8 | 0.3 | 27.7 | 29.3 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.4 |
Hour | Ti(mean) | VASH(mean) | a = 0.1 | a = 0.2 | a = 0.3 | a = 0.4 | a = 0.5 | a = 0.6 | a = 0.7 | a = 0.8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 30.1 | −0.1 | 31.1 | 30.6 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 30.2 | 30.2 |
11 | 30.2 | 0.1 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30 | 30.0 | 30.1 | 30.1 |
12 | 30.9 | 0.4 | 26.9 | 28.9 | 29.6 | 29.9 | 30.1 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.4 |
13 | 31.1 | 0.2 | 29.1 | 30.1 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.7 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 30.9 |
14 | 31.4 | 0.5 | 26.4 | 28.9 | 29.7 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.7 | 30.8 |
15 | 31.1 | 0.4 | 27.1 | 29.1 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 30.6 |
16 | 31.4 | 0.6 | 25.4 | 28.4 | 29.4 | 29.9 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 30.7 |
17 | 31 | 0.4 | 27 | 29 | 29.7 | 30.0 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.5 |
18 | 30.4 | 0.2 | 28.4 | 29.4 | 29.7 | 29.9 | 30 | 30.1 | 30.1 | 30.2 |
19 | 30.1 | 0.1 | 29.1 | 29.6 | 29.8 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Avg. | 30.6 | 0.2 | 29.1 | 29.9 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.4 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Djamila, H.; Ming, C.C.; Kumaresan, S. Investigation on Hourly and Monthly Thermal Comfort in the Humid Tropics of Malaysia. Buildings 2015, 5, 1025-1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings5031025
Djamila H, Ming CC, Kumaresan S. Investigation on Hourly and Monthly Thermal Comfort in the Humid Tropics of Malaysia. Buildings. 2015; 5(3):1025-1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings5031025
Chicago/Turabian StyleDjamila, Harimi, Chu Chi Ming, and Sivakumar Kumaresan. 2015. "Investigation on Hourly and Monthly Thermal Comfort in the Humid Tropics of Malaysia" Buildings 5, no. 3: 1025-1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings5031025