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Insects 2012, 3(1), 324-338; doi:10.3390/insects3010324

Review

Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Activation by Juvenile Hormone: A Critical Role for bHLH-PAS and Nuclear Receptor Proteins

Travis J. Bernardo ¹  and Edward B. Dubrovsky ^1,2,*

¹ Department of Biology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA ² Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 21 February 2012; in revised form: 15 March 2012 / Accepted: 16 March 2012 / Published: 22 March 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers 2012)

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Abstract: Juvenile hormone (JH) is responsible for controlling many biological processes. In several insect species JH has been implicated as a key regulator of developmental timing, preventing the premature onset of metamorphosis during larval growth periods. However, the molecular basis of JH action is not well-understood. In this review, we highlight recent advances which demonstrate the importance of transcription factors from the bHLH-PAS and nuclear receptor families in mediating the response to JH.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; juvenile hormone; nuclear receptor; bHLH-PAS; methoprene-tolerant; germ cell-expressed

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