Implications of Environmental Stress during Seed Development on Reproductive and Seed Bank Persistence Traits in Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Seed Production and Reproductive Allocation
Per Plant | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress Environment | Maturation Group | Seed Yield | Seed Number | Biomass | RA |
2005 | g | g | g seed g biomass−1 | ||
No Stress | 1 | 6.6 | 289 | 26 | 1.9 |
2 | 9.5 | 465 | |||
3 | 13.6 | 655 | |||
4 | 17.4 | 840 | |||
total | 47 | 2250 | |||
Drought | 1 | 0.7 | 38 | 9 | 0.6 |
2 | 1.05 | 54 | |||
3 | 1.55 | 81 | |||
4 | 1.9 | 113 | |||
total | 5.2 | 286 | |||
50% Shade | Pooled | 1.2 | 65 | 9 | 0.1 |
70% Shade | Pooled | 0.2 | 9 | 4 | <0.1 |
2006 | |||||
No stress | Early | 5.6 | 241 | 15.6 | 0.8 |
Late | 6.6 | 325 | |||
total | 12.2 | 566 | |||
50% Shade | Early | 0.7 | 40 | 5.4 | 0.2 |
Late | 0.6 | 30 | |||
total | 1.3 | 70 | |||
70% Shade | Pooled | 0.7 | 72 | 4.6 | 0.1 |
2.2. Primary Physiological Seed Dormancy
2.3. Seed and Seedling Vigor
Weeks of Aging | Days to Emergence | Total Seedlings Emerged | Individual Seedling Biomass | Treatment (trt) Biomass |
---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | d seedling−1 | seedlings 14 day−1 | mg seedling−1 | mg trt−1 |
0 | 5.1 a | 18.5 a | 17.0 a | 335 a |
4 | 4.9 a | 15.9 b | 23.6 a | 370 a |
8 | 8.8 b | 8.3 c | 19.9 a | 150 b |
pvalue | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | n.s. | <0.0001 |
2006 | ||||
0 | 5.3 a | 17.8 a | 15.6 a | 291 a |
4 | 5.1 a | 13.7 b | 20.8 a | 284 a |
8 | 7.5 b | 6.6 c | 18.2 a | 121 b |
pvalue | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | n.s. | <0.0001 |
2.4. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Plant Materials and Stress Environments
3.2. Seed Dormancy and Viability
3.3. Seed Vigor Evaluation
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
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Gallagher, R.S.; Granger, K.L.; Snyder, A.M.; Pittmann, D.; Fuerst, E.P. Implications of Environmental Stress during Seed Development on Reproductive and Seed Bank Persistence Traits in Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.). Agronomy 2013, 3, 537-549. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3030537
Gallagher RS, Granger KL, Snyder AM, Pittmann D, Fuerst EP. Implications of Environmental Stress during Seed Development on Reproductive and Seed Bank Persistence Traits in Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.). Agronomy. 2013; 3(3):537-549. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3030537
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallagher, Robert S., Kristen L. Granger, Amanda M. Snyder, Dennis Pittmann, and E. Patrick Fuerst. 2013. "Implications of Environmental Stress during Seed Development on Reproductive and Seed Bank Persistence Traits in Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)" Agronomy 3, no. 3: 537-549. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3030537