Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Ball-Milling Treatment on Cellulose Conversion
2.2. Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3
2.3. Reaction Conditions
2.4. Characterization
2.5. Reaction Pathway
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalytic Reaction
3.3. Catalyst Characterization
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | Surface Area 1/m2 g−1 | Crystal Phase of ZrO2 2 | Amount of Acid Sites 3/mmol g−1 | Amount of Base Sites 4/mmol g−1 | Yield of Lactic Acid 5/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5%ZrO2–Al2O3 | 135 | - | 0.109 | 0.093 | 25.0 |
10%ZrO2–Al2O3 | 126 | Tetragonal | 0.131 | 0.057 | 25.3 |
20%ZrO2–Al2O3 | 130 | Tetragonal | 0.180 | 0.098 | 21.9 |
ZrO2 6 | 101 | Monoclinic | 0.118 | 0.485 | 21.2 |
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Wattanapaphawong, P.; Sato, O.; Sato, K.; Mimura, N.; Reubroycharoen, P.; Yamaguchi, A. Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts. Catalysts 2017, 7, 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070221
Wattanapaphawong P, Sato O, Sato K, Mimura N, Reubroycharoen P, Yamaguchi A. Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts. Catalysts. 2017; 7(7):221. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070221
Chicago/Turabian StyleWattanapaphawong, Panya, Osamu Sato, Koichi Sato, Naoki Mimura, Prasert Reubroycharoen, and Aritomo Yamaguchi. 2017. "Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts" Catalysts 7, no. 7: 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070221