Chitosan-Based Nano-Embedded Microparticles: Impact of Nanogel Composition on Physicochemical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Nanogel Preparation
2.3. Nanogels Size and Zeta Potential Measurements
2.4. NEMs Preparation by Spray-Drying
2.5. Aerodynamic Diameter of NEMs
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.7. Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.8. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)
2.9. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.10. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Nanogel Size Varied Depending on Composition and Concentration
3.2. Influence of Inlet Temperature on the Redispersibility of NEMs
3.3. Nanogel Composition and Matrix Excipient Impacted Redispersibility
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DLS | dynamic light scattering |
MMAD | mass median aerodynamic diameter |
NEMs | nano-embedded microparticles |
PDI | polydispersity |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
TGA | thermogravimetric analysis |
TPP | sodium tri-penta phosphate |
wt % | weight percent |
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Sample Abbreviation | Chitosan Concentration (mg/mL) | Chitosan:(Alginate + TPP) Ratio (w/w) | TPP Concentration (mg/mL) | Alginate Concentration (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CT1 | 1 | 3:1 | 1.5 | - |
CT2 | 0.5 | 3:1 | 0.75 | - |
CTA | 0.5 | 3:1 | 0.60 | 0.15 |
CA | 0.5 | 3:1 | - | 0.75 |
Inlet Temperature (°C) | Moisture Content (%) | Particle Size (nm) | MMAD (µm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before Spray-Drying | After Re-Dispersion | |||
100 | 11.1 | 233 ± 0.04 | 372 ± 0.03 | 7.92 ± 0.06 |
120 | 10.5 | 233 ± 0.04 | 236 ± 0.09 | 7.38 ± 0.10 |
150 | 9.7 | 233 ± 0.04 | 328 ± 0.02 | 7.61 ± 0.08 |
190 | 10.5 | 233 ± 0.04 | 315 ± 0.09 | 8.06 ± 0.06 |
Samples | Moisture Content (%) | Particle Size (nm) | MMAD (µm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before Spray-Drying | After Re-Dispersion | |||
CT1 | 4.3 | 230 ± 0.07 | >2000 | 8.23 ± 0.08 |
CT2 | 3.5 | 230 ± 0.05 | >2000 | 7.54 ± 0.07 |
CTA | 3.4 | 240 ± 0.07 | >2000 | 6.68 ± 0.05 |
CA | 3.3 | 540 ± 0.09 | >2000 | 7.00 ± 0.0.4 |
Samples | Moisture Content (%) | Particle Size (nm) | MMAD (µm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before Spray-Drying | After Re-Dispersion | |||
CT1 | 6.0 | 230 ± 0.07 | 402 ± 0.05 | 7.50 ± 0.04 |
CT2 | 8.3 | 230 ± 0.05 | 406 ± 0.04 | 10.30 ± 0.06 |
CTA | 7.2 | 240 ± 0.07 | 280 ± 0.07 | 6.75 ± 0.05 |
CA | 11.7 | 540 ± 0.09 | 790 ± 0.10 | 8.90 ± 0.06 |
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Islam, P.; Water, J.J.; Bohr, A.; Rantanen, J. Chitosan-Based Nano-Embedded Microparticles: Impact of Nanogel Composition on Physicochemical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2017, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9010001
Islam P, Water JJ, Bohr A, Rantanen J. Chitosan-Based Nano-Embedded Microparticles: Impact of Nanogel Composition on Physicochemical Properties. Pharmaceutics. 2017; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleIslam, Paromita, Jorrit J. Water, Adam Bohr, and Jukka Rantanen. 2017. "Chitosan-Based Nano-Embedded Microparticles: Impact of Nanogel Composition on Physicochemical Properties" Pharmaceutics 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9010001