Novel Osteointegrative Sr-Substituted Apatitic Cements Enriched with Alginate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Physicochemical Properties and Setting Behavior
2.2. Morphological and Mechanical Aspects
2.3. Biological Evaluation by in Vitro Cell Tests
2.4. In Vivo Pilot Experiment and Histological Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Preparation of the Inorganic Precursors
4.2. Characterization of the Pastes and Hardened Cements
4.2.1. Composition and Crystallographics
4.2.2. Injectability and Setting Times
4.2.3. Morphological Characterization
4.2.4. Mechanical Evaluation
4.2.5. Cell Culture
4.2.6. Cell Viability Assay
4.2.7. Cell Morphology Evaluation
4.2.8. In Vivo Pilot Experiment and Histological Analysis
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nominal Sr Concentration | Actual Composition | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sr/(Ca + Sr) (mol %) | Ca/P (mol) | (Sr + Ca)/P (mol) | Sr/(Ca + Sr) (mol %) |
0 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 0 |
2 | 1.44 | 1.46 | 1.8 |
5 | 1.40 | 1.46 | 4.9 |
αTCP | y0 | m | R2 |
a | 12,849 Å | 0.0074 | 0.988 |
b | 27,340 Å | 0.0151 | 0.988 |
c | 15,217 Å | 0.0029 | 0.987 |
Beta angle | 126.30° | 0.01616 | 0.963 |
Cell volume | 4308 Å3 | 5.46 | 0.989 |
Cell volume [38] | 4318 Å3 | 4.86 | – |
βTCP | y0 | m | R2 |
a | 10,414 Å | 0.0047 | 0.93 |
c | 37,341 Å | 0.01281 | 0.993 |
Cell volume | 3501 Å3 | 4.45 | 0.967 |
Cell volume [39] | 3507 Å3 | 4.90 | – |
HA | y0 | m | R2 |
a | 9.45717 Å | 0.00274 | 0.997 |
c | 6.87681 Å | 0.00324 | 0.998 |
Cell volume | 532.8 Å3 | 0.56 | 0.998 |
Cell volume [40] | 528.0 Å3 | 0.85 | – |
Cell volume [41] | 527.0 Å3 | 0.71 | – |
Setting Solution | Cement | Tin (min) | Tfin (min) |
---|---|---|---|
without Alginate | Sr0 | 10 ± 1 | 22 ± 3 |
Sr2 | 13 ± 1 | 30 ± 3 | |
Sr5 | 23 ± 3 | 47 ± 3 | |
with Alginate | Sr0 | 9 ± 2 | 17 ± 2 |
Sr2 | 11 ± 2 | 26 ± 3 | |
Sr5 | 25 ± 3 | 51 ± 2 |
Parameter | Abbreviation | Formula |
---|---|---|
Material Perimeter | M-Pm | – |
Bone Material Contact Length | BMC-Le | – |
Bone Pores Length | BPo-Le | – |
Material Diameter | M-Dm | – |
Bone Material Contact Rate | BMCR | (BMC-Le/M-Pm) × 100 |
Bone Penetration Rate Length | BPR-Le | (BPo-Le/(M-Dm/2)) × 100 |
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Sprio, S.; Dapporto, M.; Montesi, M.; Panseri, S.; Lattanzi, W.; Pola, E.; Logroscino, G.; Tampieri, A. Novel Osteointegrative Sr-Substituted Apatitic Cements Enriched with Alginate. Materials 2016, 9, 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9090763
Sprio S, Dapporto M, Montesi M, Panseri S, Lattanzi W, Pola E, Logroscino G, Tampieri A. Novel Osteointegrative Sr-Substituted Apatitic Cements Enriched with Alginate. Materials. 2016; 9(9):763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9090763
Chicago/Turabian StyleSprio, Simone, Massimiliano Dapporto, Monica Montesi, Silvia Panseri, Wanda Lattanzi, Enrico Pola, Giandomenico Logroscino, and Anna Tampieri. 2016. "Novel Osteointegrative Sr-Substituted Apatitic Cements Enriched with Alginate" Materials 9, no. 9: 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9090763