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Materials 2012, 5(10), 1752-1773; doi:10.3390/ma5101752

Review

Hard-X-ray Zone Plates: Recent Progress

Syue-Ren Wu ^1,2 , Yeukuang Hwu ^2,*  and Giorgio Margaritondo ³

¹ Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan ² Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan ³ School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 9 August 2012; in revised form: 10 September 2012 / Accepted: 17 September 2012 / Published: 27 September 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue X-ray Imaging in Materials Science)

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Abstract: The technology to focus hard-X-rays (photon energy larger than 1–2 keV) has made great progress in the past three years. The progress was particularly spectacular for lenses based on the Fresnel zone plate concept. The spatial resolution notably increased by a factor of three, opening up entirely new domains of application, specifically in biomedical research. As we shall see, this evolution is the result of a painstaking optimization of many different aspects rather than of a single technical breakthrough.

Keywords: X-ray microscopy; radiology; Fresnel zone plates; X-ray focusing; synchrotron radiation; free electron laser; microtomography

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