A Novel Topology of Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for VSC-HVDC Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- A topology of HCB based on the thyristor technique is proposed to reduce the realization cost and on-state loss. The bidirectional HCB is designed to interrupt the fault current in both directions by using silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) devices. The polarity of pre-charged capacitor in the proposed topology is independent on the direction of the fault, which results in the reduction of the interruption time in the case of bidirectional fault current interruption. As a result, it can be used in the VSC-HVDC grid due to lower fault current interruption time. Besides, the proposed topology is capable of the reclosing and rebreaking operations without an auxiliary power supply, which results in the cost reduction.
- A switching control algorithm for the proposed HCB model to operate in different modes, such as normal, breaking, discharging, and reversing modes, is proposed. The algorithm represents sufficiently detailed protection sequence among the operation modes. The closing and opening operations of thyristors and switches detect and control accurately in case of normal and fault conditions.
2. Proposed HCB and Operation Principle
2.1. Configuration of Proposed Topology
2.2. Operation Principle
2.2.1. Normal Mode (t0~t2)
2.2.2. Breaking Mode (t2~t5)
2.2.3. Discharging Mode (t5~t6)
2.2.4. Reversing Mode (t6~t7)
2.3. Design Parameters
2.3.1. Design of Auxiliary Branch with L1-C
2.3.2. Design of Auxiliary Branches with R and L2
2.3.3. Design of Energy Absorbing Branch
3. Switching Control Algorithm for Proposed HCB
3.1. Outline of the Switching Control Algorithm
3.2. Flowchart of the Switching Control Algorithm
- Initially, the number of the operation of HCB and the threshold for detecting the fault are determined. After closing HCB in the normal mode, the control system checks the operation mode of the HCB by measuring the DC line current and capacitor voltage.
- If the magnitude of the DC line current is higher than the predefined threshold, the fault is detected and the direction of the fault current is determined (positive or negative). At the same time, the proper breaking mode is selected according to the direction of the fault current. For example, the breaking mode is active by turning on the thyristors (T1a and T1b) for the forward direction and the thyristors (T2a and T2b) for the reverse direction. The breaking mode is kept until the DC line current is dropped to zero.
- The DC line can be isolated by the HCB after the breaking mode. Considering the reclosing operation of the HCB, the capacitor voltage is checked whether the magnitude and polarity is same with the pre-charged voltage. If capacitor voltage is not equal to the pre-charged value, the capacitor voltage is controlled by the discharging mode and reversing mode.
- The HCB can be reclosed shortly after the reversing mode is passed. However, the number of the reclosing the HCB can be restricted by operating sequence: open–close/open–close/open (O–CO–CO) [25].
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Test System for Case Studies
4.2. Temporary Fault on DC Line
4.3. Permanent Fault on DC Line
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Positive Currents | ||||||||
Modes | S1 | S2 | S3 | T1a | T2a | T1b | T2b | T3 |
Normal Mode | 1 a | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Breaking Mode | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Discharging Mode | 0 b | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reversing Mode | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Negative Currents | ||||||||
Modes | S1 | S2 | S3 | T1a | T2a | T1b | T2b | T3 |
Normal Mode | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Breaking Mode | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Discharging Mode | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reversing Mode | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Parameters | Symbol | Specifications |
---|---|---|
Capacitor | C | 20 µF |
Inductance 1 | L1 | 1 mH |
Inductance 2 | L2 | 20 mH |
Resistance | R | 60 Ω |
Time delay of residual switch | TS1 | 20 ms |
Time delay of mechanical switch | TS2 | 2 ms |
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Nguyen, V.-V.; Son, H.-I.; Nguyen, T.-T.; Kim, H.-M.; Kim, C.-K. A Novel Topology of Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for VSC-HVDC Application. Energies 2017, 10, 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101675
Nguyen V-V, Son H-I, Nguyen T-T, Kim H-M, Kim C-K. A Novel Topology of Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for VSC-HVDC Application. Energies. 2017; 10(10):1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101675
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Van-Vinh, Ho-Ik Son, Thai-Thanh Nguyen, Hak-Man Kim, and Chan-Ki Kim. 2017. "A Novel Topology of Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for VSC-HVDC Application" Energies 10, no. 10: 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101675