Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters from Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Isolation and Identification of E. coli and E. coli O157 Strains
2.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2.3. Plasmid Extraction, Screening and Curing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Prevalence of E. coli O157and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Isolates
3.2. Plasmid Studies
3.3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
References
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Sample | Source | Number (%) of Collected Samples | Number (%) positive for E. coli O157 |
---|---|---|---|
Water | Samaru Stream | 58 (25.4) | 1 (1.7) |
Kubanni River | 96 (42.1) | 2 (2.1) | |
ABU Dam | 74 (32.5) | 2 (2.7) | |
Total | 228 (100.0) | 5 (2.2) | |
Diarrhoeal Stool | ABU Sick Bay | 35 (31.3) | 1 (2.9) |
Jama’a Clinic | 77 (68.7) | 5 (6.5) | |
Total | 112 (100.0) | 6 (5.4) |
S/N | Antimicrobial Agent | Symbol | Disc Content (μg) | Susceptibility | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical Isolates (n = 88) | Aquatic Isolates (n = 96) | Resistant Isolates Combined (n= 184) No. (%) | ||||||||
R No. (%) | I No. (%) | S No. (%) | R No. (%) | I No. (%) | S No. (%) | |||||
1 | Ampicillin | Amp | 25 | 71 (80.7) | 14 (15.9) | 3 (3.4) | 83 (86.5) | 5 (5.2) | 8 (8.3) | 154 (83.7) |
2 | Cefuroxime | Cef | 20 | 28 (31.8) | 9 (10.2) | 51 (58.0) | 71 (74.0) | 11 (11.4) | 14 (14.6) | 99 (53.8) |
3 | Chloramphenicol | Chl | 10 | 6 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 82 (93.2) | 4 (4.2) | 1 (1.0) | 91 (94.8) | 10 (5.4) |
4 | Ciprofloxacin | Cip | 5 | 17 (19.3) | 3 (3.4) | 68 (77.3) | 11 (11.5) | 2 (2.1) | 83 (86.4) | 28 (15.2) |
5 | Cotrimoxazole | Cot | 50 | 9 (10.2) | 2 (2.3) | 77 87.5 | 14 (14.6) | 2 (2.1) | 80 (83.3) | 23 (12.5) |
6 | Gentamicin | Gen | 10 | 0.(0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 88 (100) | 2 (2.1) | 7 (7.3) | 87 (90.6) | 2 (1.1) |
7 | Nalidixic Acid | Nal | 30 | 48 (54.6) | 9 (10.2) | 31 (35.2) | 68 (70.8) | 9 (9.4) | 19 (19.8) | 116 (63.0) |
8 | Nitrofurantoin | Nit | 100 | 45 (51.2) | 6 (6.8) | 37 (42.1) | 76 (79.1) | 4 (4.2) | 16 (16.7) | 121 (65.8) |
9 | Norfloxacin | Nor | 10 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.8) | 82 (93.2) | 9 (9.4) | 5 (5.2) | 82 (85.4) | 9 (4.9) |
10 | Tetracycline | Tet | 50 | 54 (61.4) | 5 (5.6) | 29 (33.0) | 69 (71.9) | 7 (7.3) | 20 (20.8) | 123 (66.8) |
Number of Antibiotics | Combination of Antibiotics* | Aquatic Isolates (n = 96) | Clinical Isolates (n = 88) | Total | E. coli O157 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 184) | Isolates (n = 20) | ||||
2 | Amp, Cef | 59(61.50) | 8(9.1) | 67(36.4) | 12(60.0) |
2 | Amp, Cot | 13(13.5) | 4(4.5) | 17(9.2) | 2(10.0) |
2 | Amp, Tet | 63(65.6) | 39(44.3) | 102(55.4) | 13(65.0) |
2 | Cot, Tet | 10(10.4) | 5(5.7) | 15(8.2) | 2(65.0) |
3 | Amp,Tet, Chl | 5(5.2) | 2(2.3) | 7(3.8) | 1(0.0) |
3 | Amp, Cot, Nit | 9(9.4) | 3(3.4) | 12(6.5) | 1(5.0) |
3 | Amp, Tet, Cot | 9(9.4) | 4(4.5) | 13(7.1) | 1(5.0) |
3 | Amp, Tet, Nit | 58(60.4) | 22(25.0) | 80(43.5) | 9(45.0) |
4 | Amp, Tet, Nal, Nit | 50(52.1) | 21(23.4) | 71(38.6) | 9(45.0) |
5 | Amp, Tet, Cip, Nal, Nit | 8(8.3) | 5(5.7) | 13(7.1) | 1(5.0) |
6 | Amp, Tet, Cip, Cot, Nal, Nit | 6(6.3) | 3(3.4) | 9(4.9) | 1(5.0) |
7 | Amp, Tet, Cip, Cef, Cot, Nal, Nit | 2(2.1) | 1(1.1) | 3(1.6) | 1(5.0) |
8 | Amp, Tet, Cip,Cef, Cot,Chl, Nal, Nit | 1(1.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.5) | 0(0.0) |
9 | Amp, Tet, Cip,Cef, Cot,Chl, Gen, Nal, Nor | 1(1.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.5) | 0(0.0) |
S/N | Antimicrobial Agent | Symbol | Disc Content (μg) | Susceptibility (n = 20) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resistant No. (%) | Intermediate No. (%) | Sensitive No. (%) | ||||
1 | Ampicillin | Amp | 25 | 13 (65.0) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (10.0) |
2 | Cefuroxime | Cef | 20 | 10 (50.0) | 3 (15.0) | 7 (35.0) |
3 | Chloramphenicol | Chl | 10 | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 17 (85.0) |
4 | Ciprofloxacin | Cip | 5 | 2 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (90.0) |
5 | Cotrimoxazole | Cot | 50 | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 16 (80.0) |
6 | Gentamicin | Gen | 10 | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.0) | 16 (80.0) |
7 | Nalidixic Acid | Nal | 30 | 11 (55.0) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (35.0) |
8 | Nitrofurantoin | Nit | 100 | 9 (45.0) | 3 (15.0) | 8 (40.0) |
9 | Norfloxacin | Nor | 10 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.0) | 17 (85.0) |
10 | Tetracycline | Tet | 50 | 15 (75.0) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) |
E. coli isolates | Number of plasmids | Antibiotics to which Isolates were Resistant | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | Combinations** | ||
JC17* | 1 | 2 | Amp, Tet |
JC15* | 1 | 3 | Amp, Tet, Cot |
LR11* | 2 | 4 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal |
JC11 | 1 | 4 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal |
BS12* | 1 | 4 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Cef |
JC28 | 1 | 4 | Amp, Tet, Cip, Cot |
AS04* | 1 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, |
FD08* | 2 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef |
AS06 | 1 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef |
SB06 | 2 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cip |
SB13 | 1 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cip |
KR10 | 1 | 5 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cot |
HR09 | 1 | 5 | Cef, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cot |
SB04 | 2 | 6 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cip, Cot |
IR10 | 1 | 6 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cot |
JC13 | 1 | 6 | Amp, Tet, Cef, Cip, Cot, Chl |
FD07* | 2 | 7 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cip, Cot |
SB09 | 2 | 7 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cip, Cot |
JR10 | 3 | 7 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cip, Cot |
BS06 | 1 | 7 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cot, Chl |
KR08 | 2 | 8 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cef, Cip, Cot, Chl |
AS03 | 1 | 9 | Amp, Tet, Nit, Nal, Cip, Cot, Chl, Gen, Nor |
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Chigor, V.N.; Umoh, V.J.; Smith, S.I.; Igbinosa, E.O.; Okoh, A.I. Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters from Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 3831-3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103831
Chigor VN, Umoh VJ, Smith SI, Igbinosa EO, Okoh AI. Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters from Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010; 7(10):3831-3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103831
Chicago/Turabian StyleChigor, Vincent N., Veronica J. Umoh, Stella I. Smith, Etinosa O. Igbinosa, and Anthony I. Okoh. 2010. "Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters from Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 10: 3831-3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103831