Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico
Abstract
:Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Genotoxic Damage
Conclusions
PAHs | Average (s.e.) | Median | Min value | Max value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gaseous component | 210.16 (44.6) | 105.68 | 29.98 | 915.11 |
Particulate component | 92.24 (16.8) | 63.27 | 11.46 | 347.21 |
Total [n = 22] | 302.40 (50.1) | 242.51 | 65.30 | 972.95 |
Region with oil extraction activity [n = 12] | Region without oil extraction activity [n = 10] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average (S.E.) | Median (10, 90) | Avera ge (S.E.) | Median (10, 90) | p | |
Gaseous component | 240.77(73.69) | 156.75 (43.8, 469.9) | 173.42 (44.2) | 96.05 (67.2, 392.2) | 0.97369 |
Particulate component | 124.72 (25.22) | 111.83 (48.2, 218.4) | 53.26 (14.3) | 42.62 (12.4, 127.7) | 0.03211** |
Total | 365.5 (82.7) | 253.55 (98.9, 817.1) | 226.69 (41.5) | 195.37 (92.9, 417.1) | 0.22252 |
PAHs with health risk | Region with oil extraction activity[n = 12] | Region without oil extraction activity[n = 10] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average(s.d.) | Median* | Average (s.d.) | Median* | p | |
Benzo(a)anthracene† | 39.79 (6.54) | 39.71 (15.96, 66.6) | 21.88 (4.08) | 23.31 (5.01,39.91) | 0.0697 |
Chrysene† | 58.81 (12.75) | 55.0 (11.94, 85.66) | 41.79 (20.1) | 20.57 (3.35, 141.24) | 0.0927 |
Benzo(b)fluoranten†† | 36.57 (12.66) | 13.22 (1.20, 88.68) | 18.06 (5.68) | 14.12 (1.07, 43.67) | 0.817 |
Benzo(K)fluoranten†† | 47.29 (10.65) | 43.10 (14.38, 89.59) | 17.36 (3.79) | 16.22 (4.29, 35.20) | 0.016** |
Benzo(a)pyrene† | 23.43 (4.46) | 17.79 (8.82, 43.73) | 22.63 (5.02) | 16.09 (6.97, 46.15) | 0.921 |
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene†† | 56.68 (22.93) | 28.02 (5.33, 75.32) | 41.24 (7.28) | 36.99 (12.06, 73.95) | 0.620 |
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | 64.19 (42.09) | 23.79 (9.98, 40.75) | 26.75 (13.93) | 13.96 (1.04, 92.74) | 0.156 |
Total | 46.68 (7.42) | 31.56 (7.35, 85.67) | 27.10 (3.89) | 17.08 (4.11, 55.17) | 0.005** |
PAHs with pyrogenic origin | |||||
Phenanthrene(†),†† | 4.41 (2.07) | 1.87 (0.43, 11.32) | 5.67 (1.94) | 4.51 (0.76, 15.04) | 0.176 |
Fluoranthene† | 11.43 (3.19) | 7.47 (2.09, 21.52) | 8.81 (2.64) | 5.08 (3.22, 23.87) | 0.488 |
Pyrene† | 6.94 (2.16) | 4.98 (2.12, 8.74) | 4.79 (1.00) | 3.98 (1.57, 10.18) | 0.575 |
References
- ATSDR. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Register. ToxFAQs for PAHs. 1996. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts69.html#bookmark02.
- Barale, R; Giromini, L; Ghelardini, G; Scapoli, C; Loprieno, N; Pala, M; Valerio, F; Barrai, I. Correlations between 15 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and the mutagenicity of the total PAH fraction in ambient air particles in la Spezia (Italy). Mutation Research 1991, 249, 227–241. [Google Scholar]
- Botello, AV; Díaz, G. Pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from the continental shelf of Tabasco State, Mexico. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1991, 47, 565–571. [Google Scholar]
- Botello, AV; Ponce, VG; Macko, SA. Levels of Hydrocarbons Concentrations in the Gulf of México, Polution and Environmental Impact; EPOMEX, Scientific Series, Number 5; University Autonomous of Campeche: México, 1996; p. 666. [Google Scholar]
- Brender, JD. Residential proximity to waste sites and industrial facilities and chromosomal anomalies in offspring. Journal of Hygene and Environmental Health 2008, 211, 50–58. [Google Scholar]
- Climent, M; Torres, LG. Characterization and treatability of a contaminated soil from an oil exploration zone. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2007, 4(3), 311–322. [Google Scholar]
- Davis, CS; Fellin, PA. Review of Sampling Methods for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Air. Atmos Environ 1998, 46, 396. [Google Scholar]
- EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Second Edition ed; In Compendium Method TO-13A, Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ambient Air Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Center for Environmental Research. Information Office of Research and DevelopmentU.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Cincinnati, OH; p. 45268. 1999; EPA/625/ R96/010b.
- Farmer, PB; Singh, R; Kaur, B; Sram, RJ; Binkova, B; Kalina, I; Popov, TA; Garte, S; Taioli, E; Gabelova, A; Cebulska-Wasilewska, A. Molecular epidemiology studies of carcinogenic environmental pollutants. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental pollution on exogenous oxidative DNA damage. Mutat. Res 2003, 544(2–3), 397–402. [Google Scholar]
- Gigliotti, CL; Fachs, J; Nelson, D; Brunciak, PA; Eisenreich, JS. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the New Jersey Coastal Atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol 2000, 34, 266–275. [Google Scholar]
- Hininger, I; Chollat-Namy, A; Sauvaigo, S; Osman, M; Faure, H; Cadet, J; Favier, A; Roussel, AM. Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay on frozen total blood: method and evaluation in smokers and non-smokers. Mutat. Res 2004, 558, 75–80. [Google Scholar]
- IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: an updating of IARC monographs. In World Health Organization; Lyon France, 1987; Volume 1–42, supplement 7, pp. 252–254.
- Jeffrey, SCh; Selvin, S; Metayer, C; Crouse, V; Golembesky; Buffler, PA. Parental Smoking and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006, 163(12), 1091–1100. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, R; Hung, H; Mackay, D; Jones, K. Measurement and Modeling of the Diurnal Atmospheric PCBs and PAHs. Environ. Sci. Technol 1998, 32, 2172–2179. [Google Scholar]
- Lemiere, S; Cossu, L; Bispo, A; Jourdain, M; Lanhers, M; Burnel, D. DNA damage measured by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammals fed with mussels contaminated by the Schwartz J. Erika oil-spill Air pollution children's health. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2005, 581(7), 11–21. [Google Scholar]
- Lewtas, J. Air pollution combustion emissions: characterization of causative agents and mechanisms associated with cancer, reproductive and cardiovascular effects. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2007, 636(1–3), 95–133. [Google Scholar]
- Mei Ru-, Chen; Perng-Jy, Tsai; Ying, F; Wang, W. Assessing inhalatory and dermal exposures and their resultant health risks for workers exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in oil mists in a fastener manufacturing industry. Environ. Int. 34, 309–436.
- Motelay-M, A; Ollivonb, D; Garbanb, B; Chevreuilb, M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk deposition at a suburban site: assessment by principal component analysis of the influence of meteorological parameters. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37, 3135–3146. [Google Scholar]
- Mucci, LA; Granath, F; Cnattingius, S. Maternal smoking and childhood leukemia and lymphoma risk among Swedish children. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev 2004, 13, 1528–33. [Google Scholar]
- Neri, M; Ugolini, D; Bonassi, S; Fucic, A; Holland, N; Knudsen, LE; Rám, RJ; Ceppi, M; Bocchini, V; Merlo, DF. Children's exposure to environmental pollutants and biomarkers of genetic damage II. Results of a comprehensive literature search meta-analysis. Mutat. Res 2006, 612, 14–18. [Google Scholar]
- Noreña, B; Gold, B; Zapata, P; Sericano, J. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in American Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico. Mar. Poll. Bull 1999, 38(8), 637–645. [Google Scholar]
- Pang, D; McNally, R; Birch, J. Parental smoking and childhood cancer: results from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. Br. J. Cancer 2003, 88, 373–81. [Google Scholar]
- Platt, K; Aderhold, S; Kulpe, K; Fickler, M. Unexpected DNA damage caused by Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons under standard laboratory conditions. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology Environmental Mutagenesis 2008, 650, 96–103. [Google Scholar]
- Perera, FP. Uncovering new clues to cancer risk. Scientific American 1996, 40–46. [Google Scholar]
- Plerola, C; Zacarias, D; Maria, A; Pires, C; Pool, S; Lilian, R. Measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in airborne particles from the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, 37, 3009–3018. [Google Scholar]
- Rojas, E; López, MC; Valverde, M. Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay: Methodology and Applications. Journal of Chromatography B 1999, 722, 225–254. [Google Scholar]
- Ruchirawat, M; Navasumrit, P; Settachan, D; Tuntaviroon, J; Buthbumrung, N; Sharma, S. Measurement of genotoxic air pollutant exposures in street vendors and school children in and near Bangkok. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2005, 206, 207–217. [Google Scholar]
- Ruíz, G; Rizo, R. Mortality due to lung cancer in Mexico. Lung Cancer 2007, 58(2), 184–190. [Google Scholar]
- Seung, S; Parka, Y; Chang, H. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seoul Korea. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36, 2917–2924. [Google Scholar]Singh, R. The relationship between biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon DNA adducts, antioxidant status and genetic susceptibility following exposure to environmental air pollution in humans. Mutat. Res 2007, 1(1–2). [Google Scholar]
- Tuntawiroon, J; Mahidol, CH; Navasumrit, P; Autrup, H; Ruchirawat, M. Increased health risk in Bangkok children exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from traffic-related sources. Carcinogenesis 2007, 28(4), 816–822. [Google Scholar]
- Verma, DK; Tombe, K. Benzene in gasoline and crude oil: occupational and environmental implications. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J 2002, 63, 225–230. [Google Scholar]
© 2008 MDPI All rights reserved.
Share and Cite
Gamboa, R.T.; Gamboa, A.R.; Bravo, A.H.; Ostrosky, W.P. Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2008, 5, 349-355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph5050349
Gamboa RT, Gamboa AR, Bravo AH, Ostrosky WP. Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2008; 5(5):349-355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph5050349
Chicago/Turabian StyleGamboa, Rodríguez T., Aldeco R. Gamboa, Alvarez H. Bravo, and Wegman P. Ostrosky. 2008. "Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 5, no. 5: 349-355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph5050349