Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
2.3. Initial Processing of Soil and Water Samples
2.4. Determination of E. coli
2.5. Determination of Salmonella
2.6. Qualitative Determination of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Presence of Microbial Indicators of Quality in Soil and Water
3.2. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibiotic (μg·mL−1) | Water | Soil | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 1 | February | May | Total | September | February | May 1 | Total | |
Ampicillin (10) | 64 | 86 | 80 | 230 | 65 | 72 | 29 | 166 |
Gentamicin (10) | 63 | 84 | 82 | 229 | 68 | 74 | 29 | 171 |
Trimethoprim-Sulphametoxazole (300) | 49 | 74 | 73 | 196 | 51 | 53 | 23 | 127 |
Chloramphenicol (30) | 31 | 66 | 62 | 159 | 52 | 53 | 21 | 126 |
Riphampicin (5) | 55 | 84 | 80 | 219 | 62 | 73 | 25 | 160 |
Ciprofloxacin (5) | 29 | 62 | 64 | 155 | 23 | 29 | 12 | 64 |
Cluster | Number of Strains | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
Water | Soil | ||
I | 3 | 1 | 2 |
II | 5 | 0 | 5 |
III | 8 | 0 | 8 |
IV | 8 | 2 | 6 |
V | 28 | 0 | 28 |
VI | 49 | 45 | 4 |
VII | 67 | 66 | 1 |
VIII | 81 | 12 | 69 |
Total | 249 | 126 | 123 |
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Palacios, O.A.; Zavala-Díaz de la Serna, F.J.; Ballinas-Casarrubias, M.D.L.; Espino-Valdés, M.S.; Nevárez-Moorillón, G.V. Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091009
Palacios OA, Zavala-Díaz de la Serna FJ, Ballinas-Casarrubias MDL, Espino-Valdés MS, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(9):1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091009
Chicago/Turabian StylePalacios, Oskar A., Francisco J. Zavala-Díaz de la Serna, María De Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias, María S. Espino-Valdés, and Guadalupe V. Nevárez-Moorillón. 2017. "Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9: 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091009