Excess Medical Care Costs Associated with Physical Inactivity among Korean Adults: Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source and Study Population
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Variables | Active Group | Inactivity Group | p-Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 23,645) | (n = 23,645) | ||||
Age (year) | |||||
40–49 | 11,791 | (50.1) | 11,755 | (49.9) | 0.0737 |
50–59 | 7077 | (49.3) | 7269 | (50.7) | |
60–69 | 4777 | (50.8) | 4621 | (49.2) | |
Gender | |||||
Female | 12,517 | (49.9) | 12,559 | (50.1) | 0.6988 |
Male | 11,128 | (50.1) | 11,086 | (49.9) | |
Income (won) | |||||
Q1 | 4576 | (51.0) | 4403 | (49.0) | 0.0667 |
Q2 | 5450 | (49.1) | 5649 | (50.9) | |
Q3 | 5415 | (50.2) | 5365 | (49.8) | |
Q4 | 8204 | (49.9) | 8228 | (50.1) | |
Residential area | |||||
Rural | 11,605 | (49.7) | 11,733 | (50.3) | 0.2391 |
Urban | 12,040 | (50.3) | 11,912 | (49.7) | |
Cigarettesmoking | |||||
No | 16,899 | (49.8) | 17,026 | (50.2) | 0.1946 |
Yes | 6746 | (50.5) | 6619 | (49.5) | |
Alcohol drinking | |||||
No | 13,267 | (49.7) | 13,452 | (50.4) | 0.0862 |
Yes | 10,378 | (50.5) | 10,193 | (49.6) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Normal or less (BMI < 25) | 15,043 | (48.6) | 15,898 | (51.4) | <0.0001 |
Overweight or more (BMI ≥ 25) | 8602 | (52.6) | 7747 | (47.4) |
Variables | Active Group | Inactivity Group | % Increase † | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean *(95% CI) | Mean *(95% CI) | |||||
Total medical expenditures | 994.1 | (977.0–1011.6) | 1110.5 | (1091.0–1130.3) | 11.7 | <0.0001 |
Medical costs from specific diseases | ||||||
Cardiovascular disease (n = 29,263) | 767.8 | (747.3–788.7) | 902.8 | (878.2–928.1) | 17.6 | <0.0001 |
Endocrine and metabolic diseases (n = 28,204) | 744.5 | (723.9–765.5) | 932.9 | (906.7–959.9) | 25.3 | <0.0001 |
Musculoskeletal disease (n = 40,891) | 422.8 | (414.2–431.6) | 475.6 | (465.8–485.6) | 12.5 | <0.0001 |
Respiratory disease (n = 42,778) | 324.1 | (316.9–331.5) | 380.1 | (371.3–389.0) | 17.3 | <0.0001 |
Digestive disease (n = 44,259) | 572.3 | (560.5–584.2) | 665.1 | (651.2–679.3) | 16.2 | <0.0001 |
Neurologic disease (n = 22,057) | 665.4 | (641.6–690.1) | 723.5 | (697.6–750.3) | 8.7 | 0.0002 |
Psychiatric disease (n = 20,700) | 489.9 | (472.3–508.1) | 572.5 | (551.9–594.0) | 16.9 | <0.0001 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts ofInterest
References
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Min, J.-Y.; Min, K.-B. Excess Medical Care Costs Associated with Physical Inactivity among Korean Adults: Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010136
Min J-Y, Min K-B. Excess Medical Care Costs Associated with Physical Inactivity among Korean Adults: Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(1):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010136
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin, Jin-Young, and Kyoung-Bok Min. 2016. "Excess Medical Care Costs Associated with Physical Inactivity among Korean Adults: Retrospective Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 1: 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010136