Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Setting and Sample
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Demographic Characteristics
2.2.2. Smoking Behaviors
2.2.3. Attitude towards Tobacco
2.2.4. Russell’s Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ)
2.2.5. Knowledge towards Tobacco
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Smoking Prevalence
3.3. Latent Class Analysis
Fit Indices | Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Two-Class | Three-Class | Four-Class | Five-Class | Six-Class | |
Log likelihood | −1115.551 | −1056.873 | −1054.381 | −1054.294 | −1054.294 |
Free parameters | 13 | 20 | 27 | 34 | 41 |
AIC | 2257.102 | 2153.747 | 2162.762 | 2176.588 | 2190.588 |
BIC | 2315.928 | 2244.247 | 2284.938 | 2330.439 | 2376.114 |
SSABIC | 2274.651 | 2180.745 | 2199.210 | 2222.484 | 2245.934 |
LRT p value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.021 | 0.631 | 0.183 |
Entropy | 0.998 | 0.967 | 0.955 | 0.943 | 0.587 |
Smoking Behavior Indicators | Class I (n = 505, 74.1%) | Class II (n = 84, 12.3%) | Class III (n = 93, 13.6%) |
---|---|---|---|
Quantity in lifetime a | |||
0 | 0.701 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
1–99 | 0.264 | 0.584 | 0.000 |
≥100 | 0.035 | 0.416 | 1.000 |
Frequency (day) b | |||
0 | 1.000 | 0.064 | 0.041 |
1–19 | 0.000 | 0.861 | 0.115 |
20–30 | 0.000 | 0.075 | 0.844 |
Quantity per day c | |||
0 | 1.000 | 0.012 | 0.000 |
1–10 | 0.000 | 0.988 | 0.367 |
≥11 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.633 |
3.4. Smoking Related Knowledge
3.5. Attitude towards Smoking
Variables | Class II | Class III |
---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 38.56 (11.78–126.19) * | 57.27 (13.56–241.85) * |
Age a | ||
31–40 | 1.47 (0.60–3.58) | 8.08 (2.03–32.18) * |
>40 | 1.29 (0.48–3.49) | 8.35 (2.01–34.74) * |
Ethnicity b | ||
Minority | 2.14 (0.74–6.23) | 1.36 (0.40–4.64) |
Educational background c | ||
Master | 1.10 (0.51–2.38) | 0.55 (0.25–1.20) |
PhD | 0.96 (0.42–2.18) | 0.54 (0.24–1.19) |
Married status d | ||
Married | 0.98 (0.41–2.36) | 1.83 (0.53–6.33) |
Divorced or widowed | 1.19 (0.17–8.27) | 3.47 (0.53–22.59) |
Position e | ||
Non–HCPs | 1.09 (0.56–2.12) | 0.71 (0.37–1.39) |
Knowledge f | ||
≥23 | 1.19 (0.66–2.13) | 1.35 (0.72–2.51) |
Attitude g | ||
≥9 | 1.22 (0.68–2.19) | 1.68 (0.90–3.15) |
3.6. Multinomial Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Niu, L.; Luo, D.; Silenzio, V.M.B.; Xiao, S.; Tian, Y. Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 12030-12042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012030
Niu L, Luo D, Silenzio VMB, Xiao S, Tian Y. Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(10):12030-12042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012030
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiu, Lu, Dan Luo, Vincent M.B. Silenzio, Shuiyuan Xiao, and Yongquan Tian. 2015. "Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 10: 12030-12042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012030