Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Particulate Matter, Health Risks and Remote Sensing
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Population and PM2.5 Data
2.3. Methodology
3. Results
Year: 2004 Total Population: 17,853,490 (79% of National Population) | Year: 2010 Total Population: 21,679,808 (80% of National Population) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHO Guideline and Targets (in µg/m3) | Number of Cities (Min. 10,000 people) | Population | % | WHO Guideline and Targets (in µg/m3) | Number of Cities (Min. 10,000 people) | Population | % |
10 | 134 | 16,649,253 | 93 | 10 | 136 | 20,608,138 | 95 |
15 | 83 | 9,425,558 | 53 | 15 | 96 | 11,887,128 | 58 |
25 | 28 | 1,855,206 | 10 | 25 | 32 | 2,591,454 | 12 |
35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 16 | 1,814,180 | 8 |
Cities | Population 2010 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 (Increase) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Riyadh | 5,188,286 | 12.4 | 13 | 13.3 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 15 (2.6) |
Jeddah | 3,430,697 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 21.1 | 20.3 | 20.6 | 17.4 | 18.8 | 19.4 (1.8) |
Makkah | 1,534,731 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 19.6 | 16.1 | 17.6 | 18.2 (1.7) |
Madinah | 1,100,093 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 10.8 (−2) |
Dammam | 903,312 | 27.8 | 29.6 | 33.4 | 30.3 | 32.5 | 36 | 40.4 | 40 (12.6) |
Jubail * | 142,825 | 12.8 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 15 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 16.4 (3.6) |
Yanbu * | 73,000 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 19.7 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 22.3 (2.4) |
Average concentrations (142 cities) | 152,675 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 18.2 | 19.1 | 19.9 | 20 (2.5) |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aina, Y.A.; Van der Merwe, J.H.; Alshuwaikhat, H.M. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11152-11166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111152
Aina YA, Van der Merwe JH, Alshuwaikhat HM. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11152-11166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111152
Chicago/Turabian StyleAina, Yusuf A., Johannes H. Van der Merwe, and Habib M. Alshuwaikhat. 2014. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 11: 11152-11166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111152